International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries (IJMDC) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published for health care professionals.
The journal is accredited by the Ministry of Culture and Media, Saudi Arabia المملكة العربية السعودية - وزارة الثقافة والإعلام . The journal has an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 1658-7820 registered via King Fahad National Library, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Our mission is to provide relevant, useful, and up-to-date medical information to help healthcare providers solve clinical problems and improve patient care. With contributions from physicians, dentists, medical students and researchers from around the world, IJMDC provides a platform for the recent developments across many medicine and dentistry specialties, particularly from the developing world.
Each issue contains original research, academic review articles, health outcomes articles, case reports and basic research to assist health care professionals in making decisions by including the latest techniques and treatment options for treating their patients.
More than 9 authors (students/interns) are not acceptable until there is a special justification. For the articles authored by students/interns, they must include their research supervisor or consultant as co-author (9 students + 1 Supervisor/Consultant/Prof). Please see our Guide for Authors for more details.
2025, Vol: 9, Issue: 1
IJMDC. Year: 2025, Volume: 9 Original Article- Awareness of the adverse reactions associated with dermal fillers in the oral and maxillofacial region in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Faris A. Al Daghri, Lama A. Alkhwildi, Manal A. Aldosari, Ghaida B. Alanazi, Fairoz A. Aljourie, Dalia G. Alanazi, Sadeem A. Alshehri, Fawzia A. Alkhraiji, Hanouf A. Alangari
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 001-009
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1730057445
Original Article- The perception and attitude of clinical years medical students and interns towards choosing anesthesiology as a future specialty
Yasir O. Babiker, Abdulrahman Y. Safhi, Mohammed Matari, Mohand Alasiri, Shahad Al Shaker, Yahya Alawi, Osama Suwaid, Mohsen Zaylaee, Almutasim Asiri, Ghalia Hakami
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 010-017
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732372929
Original Article- Rumination and distress post COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sultan Almutairi, Riyaz Ahamed Shaik, Fahad Almalik, Abdulmohsen Othman Alhaqal, Muath Al-mansour, Omar Aljasser, Abdullah Alharbi, Amer Saleh Alsaeri
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 018-024
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732805731
Original Article- Assessment of knowledge and awareness of medication-overuse headache among Saudi population: a cross-sectional study
Saud A. Alnaim, Sukaina E. Alhmeid
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 025-030
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733237193
Original Article- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of kindergarten and nursery teachers toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Waleed Alshudukhi, Ali Mubarak Al Ajmi, Sarah Ahmed Busbait, Latifah Khalid Alnami, Fahad Bader Alsaqer, Ibrahim Salim Alkhalifah, Abdullatif Ali Al Muhaish, Sara Abdullah Almulhim
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 031-039
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733237370
Original Article- Melasma aggravating and associated chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Alroujayee, Alanoud Abdulaziz Alfaqih, Atheer Almutairi, Rahaf Almutairi, Abdulrahman Alfaqih, Ruba Altowayan, Tuqa Alharbi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 040-046
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733252725
Original Article- Cross-sectional study of prevalence of depression in obese patients in Saudi Arabia
Wid Kattan, Nabil Abdullah Alzahrani, Abdullah Mohammed Wali, Shaza Samargandy, Abdullah Salem Badahdah, Marshad Abdullah Almutairi, Abdulaziz Ahmed Alamoudi, Abdulrahman Abdulmohsen Alharthi, Yousof Mohammed Bakheet
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 047-054
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733667654
Original Article- Public awareness and knowledge of Pap smear as a screening test for cervical cancer among females in Al-Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Albagir Mahdi Ahmed Hassan, Ibtisam Ibrahim Alsayed, Fatima Hussain Alnashri, Dalal Ebrahem Alshaikhi, Norah Abdullah Almarhabi, Abdullah E. Alamri, Fatimah Khader Alamri
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 055-062
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734110763
Original Article- Evaluation of the relationship between gaming addiction/overuse and back pain in Al-Ahsa- Saudi Arabia
Amjaad Waleed Almubarazi, Mashael Abdulrahman Alhussain, Abdullah Hamdan Alghamdi, Hadi Ayed Al Swaidan, Ali Abduljalil Alkhamis, Ibrahim Abdullah Al Rajeh, Omer Abdullah Alrasheed
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 063-069
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734385012
Original Article- Cross-sectional study on the relationship between ABO and Rh blood groups with alopecia in the western region, Saudi Arabia
Shaden O. Alqurashi, Ghadah M. Almutairi, Safiah O. Aldabali, Retaj W. Calacattawi, Areej N. Alzahrani, Wesam S. Alharbi, Maha B. Elbadawy, Ahmed M. Bin Mahfoz, Sama H. Alfaki, Ghaliah O. Alnefaie
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 070-076
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734899017
Original Article- Reported depression and anxiety symptoms among caregivers of children diagnosed with cancer in Maternity and Children Hospital in Buraydah, Qassim, a cross-sectional study
Mansour Alharbi, Ebtisam Osman Mohammed, Elaf Ahmed Alsalloom, Hutaf Abdullah Alharbi, Jood Mohammad Alsogaihi, Latifah Yousef Almutlaq, Sarah Abdulrahman Alwuhayd, Shaden Nasser Hameed
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 077-085
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735493953
Original Article- Breastfeeding problems experienced by lactating mothers in Almadinah Almonawarah province and the probable maternal and fetal risk factors
Magda Ahmed Eldomiaty, Maha Saeed Alanazi, Shima Esamalden Albashier, Weam Khaled Alahmadi, Rawan Rabeh Alrashidi, Shatha Abduldaem Almutairi, Khaled Abdel Hmid Shahat
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 086-094
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735518431
Original Article- Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Awad Alshahrani, Amjad Alakel, Abeer Alhoumedan, Leen Almohayya, Nouf Almagushi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 095-101
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735843617
Original Article- Prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of allergic rhinitis among adults in Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Naif Abdulaziz M. Alqarni, Rudaina Hussain Alelyani, Mohammed Thamer A. Alshahrani, Mohammed Alqarny, Lama Zafi A. Aldrehan, Shahad Abdullah Alshahrani, Sami Mohammed A. Alaklabi, Lama Abdulaziz Alshahrani, Haya Soud M. Altalee, Mashael Sharaf Saad Alshahrani, Mohammed Ahmed A. Alshehri, Nurah Khalid Abdullah Aldosari, Sara Dhafer M. Alshahrani, Tarek A. Elnahriry
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 102-106
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736007198
Original Article- Impact of smartphone addiction on university students' performance in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Gamal Othman Younis, Mohammed Hassan M. Alamri, Nawaf Saeed Asiri, Ali Zed Alshihab, Abdulelah M. Abu Hassan, Zied Abdullah Alamri, Basheer Ahmed Abdulaziz Mannasaheb
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 107-114
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736635451
Original Article- Outcomes and cancer risk patterns in type-2 diabetes: an analysis of NIHS 2022-2023 data
Areej Meshal Aljumaidi, Alhanouf Alruhaili, Mona Alshabi, Ruba Degriri, Raghad Alahmadi, Yara Alahmadi, Sulaiman Abdullah
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 115-121
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736892339
Review Article- The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review
Yaser Alsahafi, Samah Alshareef, Seham Damadi, Laila Mulihi, Fatimah Mulihi, Munirah Aldosary, Salwa Alharbi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 122-130
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000
Review Article- A comparison between bariatric/metabolic surgery and medical treatment regarding diabetes remission: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Hyder O. Mirghani, Warif N. Alghofaily, Nada M. Alshehri, Abdulrahman O. Alfakhri
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 131-140
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1730903818
Review Article- Effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing and managing childhood obesity: systematic review
Tahani Mohammed Mane, Sahar Abdulrahman H. Alghamdi, Rayan Abdullah S. Alhammad, Alosayli Saleh Abdulaziz, Abdullah Ali Alhumud, Abdulmajeed Abdi Alrasheedi, Abdullah Mohammed Althunayyan, Tuqa Rashed Alyahyawi, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 141-153
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732376271
Review Article- The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review
Tuqa Rashed Alyahyawi, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid, Abdullah Marji Alresheedi, Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna, Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi, Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 154-161
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598
Review Article- CT versus MRI for Staging Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review
Wael M. Alzahrani, Rayan Murdhi Ali Alzahrani, Hawra Ebraheem Nasser Alnasser, Amal Saleem Al-johani, Jawad Awad Alnajjar, Reem Abdullah Adlan Al-abbas, Sara Waleed Buholaiqh, Salem Ibrahim S. Aljaddua, Shahad Shaker Al-shaker, Abdullah Hamad I. Alsabhawi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 162-168
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734639451
Review Article- Management of Sepsis in Emergency Departments in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Thamer Alhumodi Alenazi, Lamar Saeed Alghamdi, Shahad Bakr Mohammed Brnawi, Ahmed Abdulaziz Ali Haider, Ahmed Anam Ahmed Mahabbat, Amnah Saeed A Alsaffar, Rakan Saleh Almutairi, Saleh Ali M Alyami, Ali Bandar M Almansour, Ali Abdulla Sowaidan Alaklah
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 169-174
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734642404
Review Article- A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Medications in Family Medicine on the Health of Pregnant Women and Children: Risks and Benefits
Najlaa Mohammad Alsudairy, Norah Khalid Alhijji, Bashayr Abdullah Aljafar, Albandari Saad Alanazi, Sarah Hassan Alshaikh, Danah Abdulrahman Alsultan, Zainab A. Ghani Hijab, Hawra Abdulkhaliq Alshali, Sara Adel Aljumaan, Nujud Menwer Alanazi, Ahmad Hussain Aldhairyan
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 175-184
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734988186
Review Article- Predictors of Airway Compromise in Patients with Angioedema Presenting to the Emergency Room
Mahmoud Fekry Hassan Hassebo, Ahmed Fareed Samman, Faisal Hassan Sindi, Juri Jalal Alamri, Kubra Taha Al Ossaif, Garam Alhunaki, Shoroq Abdullatif Aljohni, Saud Fahad Saud Al Shuaibi, Farah Saleh Allabun, Suhib Rebhi Elaiwah, Hissah Khazzam M. Aldawsari
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 185-194
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734990882
Review Article- The Epidemiology of Undiagnosed Illnesses A Call to Action in Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Salah Hussein, Hamad Saleh H. Alqaed, Alhejeili Alboraa Mansur, Faisal Sulaiman Alkathery, Abdulrahman Khulaif Alharbi, Hassan Abdulrahman Aloraini, Alhassar, Abdullah Ali, Fatema Ali Jawad Abdulla Sarhan, Abdullah Saud Abdullah Alfaraj, Saleh Mohammed Alhai, Abbas Hassan Abbas Al Lashit
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 195-204
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734991853
Review Article- Effectiveness of integrated care models for mental health conditions in family medicine in terms of outcomes, including access to care, treatment adherence, and patient quality of life
Ibrahim Mohammed Alnasser, Mona Obaid Alharbi, Norah Nassir Albishr, Nahla Jarallah Alghafes, Mona Ali Hussain Khobrani, Abdulmajeed Khalaf Alharthi, Abdulaziz Saud Alrahili, Majed Moh Alharbi, Rayan Abdulaziz Altuwayjiri, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 205-214
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735063149
Review Article- The Influence of Childhood Trauma on Adult Mental Health
Ahmed Abdelsamie Fadl, Refal Abdulrahman Alnughaymishi, Naseem Durizi K Alrawaili, Ghadeer Saleh Alqarni, Y. Modawi Khawla Mohammed, Nehal Mohammed Alqurashi, Omniya Ezzat Ajlan, Othman Yaqub Alturki, Yasser Hussain Al-jaffer, Ahmed Mohammed Al Ramadhan, Reem Sameer Alhulaisi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 215-221
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735149565
Review Article- Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey
Hussam Almalki, Manal Almasoudi, Ranya Alsiddig, Saja Felimban, Lama Almatrafi, Abdulaziz Aljuaid, Fatmah Bajri, Ashjan Bamahfouz
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 222-228
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464
Review Article- The use of fibrin glue in sciatic nerve repair: narrative review
Hasan Mohammad Samman, Bader Osama Sager, Hesham Idriss Alturk, Waleed Khalid Kaki, Suhayb Waleed Alamri, Abdurrahman Sami Seraj, Mohammed Abdullah Alahmadi, Zaki Tariq Amoudi, Faris M. Elmahdi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 229-233
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735233454
Review Article- Chronic Disease Management in Emergency Medicine
Fahad Bahaidarah, Meshal Ghazai Alshammari, Fahad Ali Aldamadi, Abdulrahman Mohammed Assiri, Ruba Abdrabuh Alhamdi, Zahra Ali Al Qallaf, Raneem Jalal M. Alowa, Sumayyah Ali Ali Abbas, Fatemah Eid Buradhah, Mohammad Saeed A. Al Ghamdi, Ali Mansour Alhudar
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 234-239
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735240257
Review Article- The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Mohammed Salah Hussein, Faisal Mohammed Almuhanna, Lujain
Mansur A. Alhejeili, Lama Nemer Al Nemer, Basil Mufadhi Alanazi, Nawaf Mohammad N. Alfaiyz, Zahra Abdullah H. Tarmookh, Fatima Abdulaziz Alali, Shrooq Mohammed Algady, Wilayah Ali Alawami, Alaa Yahya Sofi*
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 240-245
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735240986
Review Article- Epidemiology, patterns, and outcomes of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ibrahim Saud E. Alrashedi, Thuraya Abdullah M. Alshaikhi, Manal Saeed Mohammed Al-qahtani, Noura Saleh Alhudaithi, Taif Hassan Abdullah Alshahrani, Hind Bader Alshalhoob, Sara Ali Alghamdi, Zainab Khaleel Mohammed Alsolbi, Fatimah Ali Mohammed Alamry, Najim Zafer Alshahrani
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 246-255
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735495309
Review Article- The Role of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Development of Urinary Tract Complications: A Systematic Review
Abdullah Abdu Ali Assiri, Sarah S. Alahmari, Manal Saeed Mohammed Al-qahtani, Saud Mamdoh Alfaisal, Nejod Mubasher M. Alnaem, Abdulaziz Mohammed Abdulhadi Al Muidh, Turki Saad Alshahrani, Abdulrhman Mohammed Asiri, Yahya Saeed Y. Alshafea, Abdulrahman Hisham Alqahtani, Muath Majed Alqahtani
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 256-261
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735563063
Review Article- Accuracy of dermoscopy in diagnosing melanoma compared to histopathology; A systematic review
Radwan Abu Taleb, Najat Hassan H. Aldubayyan, Sarah Ali Daghriri, Shuruq Talea Asiri, Sarah Saeed Aldughar, Nisreen Oudah T. Alqarni, Norah A. Almarhabi, Rahaf Ali Alshamrani
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 262-267
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735595521
Review Article- Efficacy and safety of combined fractional photothermolysis and topical minoxidil 5% versus topical minoxidil 5% alone in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hosam H. Awaji, Ghadeer Abdullah Albalawi, Albandari Saad Alanazi, Atheer Nasser Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Saleh Mesfer Alghamdi, Najat Hassan H. Aldubayyan, Ameera Abdulaziz Alkhamesi, Talal A. Alharthi, Ghaid Mohammed Alotaibi, Lama M. Albelowi, Nouf A. Alghufaily, Yunus Muidh Alzahrani, Saeed Othman Aldhuwayhi, Ali Fadhel Hasan
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 268-277
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735639373
Review Article- The impact of phototherapy on quality of life in patients with chronic skin conditions: a systematic review
Mohammad Sultan Abdulrahman Aldayel, Fahad Abdullah Salal Alosaimi, Saif Fahad Munif Alkathiri, Salman Saad A. Alanazi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 278-286
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736326863
Review Article- Progress in pediatric pulmonary hypertension management in Saudi Arabia: bridging current challenges with emerging solutions
Abdullah K. Dakhel, Fahad A. Alqeaid, Fahad M. Alkhuzayyim, Sultan H. Alharbi, Meshal N. Alzaydi, Rawan A. Almasoud, Abdulelah M. Alrubayan, Shahad M. Aljameli, Abdulhadi A. Alharbi, Ahmed N. Almutairi, Mohammed Y. Alfurayhi, Mohammed K. Dakhel
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 287-292
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736532365
Review Article- Epidemiological patterns, outcomes, and mortality rates of abdominal surgical emergencies in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammed Jalawi Karkaman, Ahmad Lafi Alzufairi, Rana M. Al-shahrani, Fahad Abdullah E. Alqurashi, Ahmad Bader Alqalaf, Fajer Alyaqout, Hind Saad Al-otaibi, Amani Mohammed A. Asiri, Reema S. Alqhatani, Ghaidaa Abdulrahman S. Alqahtani
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 293-301
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736544139
Review Article- Closed reduction approach principle for an acute anterior shoulder dislocation in the emergency room without anesthesia
Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Ahdab Ahmed Bayazeed, Abdulaziz S. Althiabi, Abdullah Ali Alshehri, Atheer Al Jubeiri, Adel H. Alshammari, Saad Mahdi A. Alamri, Thekra Ibrahim A. Al Hayazei
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 302-307
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737054185
Case Report- Same side pneumonia should be suspected as pulmonary sequestration
Aalaa Sayed Yusuf Almahafdha, Maryam Khalil Aljefairi, Mustafa Ali Alnasser
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 308-311
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1734947808
Case Report- Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Neck: A Fatal Case of Rapid Progression and Septic Shock: A case report
Lama Ibrahim Albalawi, Mohammed O. Alzayer, Maryam M. Alfaraj, Zainab A. Al Khamis, Samar Al Nahash, Dunya Alfaraj
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 312-315
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735904405
Case Report- Iatrogenic Pars Plana Tear Causing Retinal Detachment Case Report
Refka Mohammed, Alzubair Sambas, Mohammed Mutli T. Almutairi
IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 316-319
» Abstract » PDF» doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1736460003