E-ISSN 1658-7820
 

Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
15 / 01 / 2023

 


The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review

Yaser Alsahafi, Samah Alshareef, Seham Damadi, Laila Mulihi, Fatimah Mulihi, Munirah Aldosary, Salwa Alharbi.


Abstract
E-cigarette use has been reported to be 7% among pregnant women. Nearly half believe they are less dangerous than regular cigarette smoking, which might encourage individuals to give up or cut back on traditional cigarette use while pregnant. However, studies has found a correlation between using e-cigarettes while pregnant and a higher risk of low birth weight and fetal development limitation. This is an updated systematic analysis of publications from 2019 to 2022 that explored the adverse effects of e-cigarette smoking on pregnancy outcomes compared to no e-cigarette use. Google scholar and PubMed databases were used for systematic literature search using keywords "e-cigarette, pregnancy, adverse effects, exposure to e-cigarettes, and lack of e-cigarette exposure." The inclusion criteria were the original research that detailed the adverse effects of e-cigarette smoking on pregnancy outcomes compared to no e-cigarette smoking and full-text articles. Among 160 articles collected, just 9 met the inclusion requirements. Seventy-six thousand four hundred ninety-seven people were involved in all the studies, six of which were cross-sectional, one prospective, and one qualitative. Few pregnant women believe e-cigarettes are a healthy alternative to conventional smoking. However, half of the participants thought vaping was harmful to both them and their developing fetuses. On the other hand, several studies revealed that infants exposed to cigarette and e-cigarette smoke had significantly more defective reflexes. Their younger age influenced women's use of e-cigarettes, lack of marriage, fewer years of formal education, living with a smoker, long-term smokers, high school education or more, an income of $30,000, being white and not of Hispanic origin.

Key words: E-cigarette, pregnancy, adverse effects, exposure to e-cigarettes, lack of e-cigarette exposure.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alsahafi Y, Alshareef S, Damadi S, Mulihi L, Mulihi F, Aldosary M, Alharbi S. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000


Web Style

Alsahafi Y, Alshareef S, Damadi S, Mulihi L, Mulihi F, Aldosary M, Alharbi S. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=136576 [Access: March 26, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alsahafi Y, Alshareef S, Damadi S, Mulihi L, Mulihi F, Aldosary M, Alharbi S. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alsahafi Y, Alshareef S, Damadi S, Mulihi L, Mulihi F, Aldosary M, Alharbi S. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. IJMDC, [cited March 26, 2024]; Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



Harvard Style

Alsahafi, Y., Alshareef, . S., Damadi, . S., Mulihi, . L., Mulihi, . F., Aldosary, . M. & Alharbi, . S. (2023) The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. IJMDC, Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



Turabian Style

Alsahafi, Yaser, Samah Alshareef, Seham Damadi, Laila Mulihi, Fatimah Mulihi, Munirah Aldosary, and Salwa Alharbi. 2023. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



Chicago Style

Alsahafi, Yaser, Samah Alshareef, Seham Damadi, Laila Mulihi, Fatimah Mulihi, Munirah Aldosary, and Salwa Alharbi. "The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alsahafi, Yaser, Samah Alshareef, Seham Damadi, Laila Mulihi, Fatimah Mulihi, Munirah Aldosary, and Salwa Alharbi. "The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. Web. 26 Mar 2024 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alsahafi, Y., Alshareef, . S., Damadi, . S., Mulihi, . L., Mulihi, . F., Aldosary, . M. & Alharbi, . S. (2023) The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to lack of e-cigarette smoking exposure: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 15 Jan, 2023. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672877000





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