E-ISSN 1658-7820
 
2024, Vol: 8, Issue: 5
8 / 5Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article

Online Publishing Date:
10 / 10 / 2023

 


The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study

Hamad Albassam, Ibrahim S. Algosair, Ahmed S. Almuzaini, Abdulaziz Saleh Almadi, Adel H. Alharbi, Shahad S. Alolayan, Razan S. Alqarzaee, Fai M. Almarshud.


Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the role of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to serum albumin (B/A) ratio (BAR) in predicting mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department (ED) at King Fahad Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study was conducted by including the data of patients from the ED admissions logbook, from January 2020 until June 2021. All patients aged 18 years and above with positive polymerase chain reaction test results for COVID-19 were included.
Results: Results showed that 534 (100%) patients visited the ED. The median value of BUN in the nonsurvivor (expired) group was higher than in survivors (alive). In contrast, the albumin value was lower in the expired patients than in the alive patients.
Conclusion: The BUN, albumin, and their ratio are the critical variables in predicting the mortality of COVID19-infected patients. Hence, BAR level is a reliable way to predict the in-hospital COVID-19 patients’ mortality in the ED.

Key words: bun/albumin ratio, mortality rate, COVID-19, emergency department, Saudi Arabia.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Hamad Albassam
Articles by Ibrahim S. Algosair
Articles by Ahmed S. Almuzaini
Articles by Abdulaziz Saleh Almadi
Articles by Adel H. Alharbi
Articles by Shahad S. Alolayan
Articles by Razan S. Alqarzaee
Articles by Fai M. Almarshud
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Albassam H, Algosair IS, Almuzaini AS, Almadi AS, Alharbi AH, Alolayan SS, Alqarzaee RS, Almarshud FM. The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. IJMDC. 2023; 7(12): 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360

Web Style

Albassam H, Algosair IS, Almuzaini AS, Almadi AS, Alharbi AH, Alolayan SS, Alqarzaee RS, Almarshud FM. The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=153225 [Access: May 12, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Albassam H, Algosair IS, Almuzaini AS, Almadi AS, Alharbi AH, Alolayan SS, Alqarzaee RS, Almarshud FM. The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. IJMDC. 2023; 7(12): 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Albassam H, Algosair IS, Almuzaini AS, Almadi AS, Alharbi AH, Alolayan SS, Alqarzaee RS, Almarshud FM. The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. IJMDC. (2023), [cited May 12, 2024]; 7(12): 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


Harvard Style

Albassam, H., Algosair, . I. S., Almuzaini, . A. S., Almadi, . A. S., Alharbi, . A. H., Alolayan, . S. S., Alqarzaee, . R. S. & Almarshud, . F. M. (2023) The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. IJMDC, 7 (12), 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


Turabian Style

Albassam, Hamad, Ibrahim S. Algosair, Ahmed S. Almuzaini, Abdulaziz Saleh Almadi, Adel H. Alharbi, Shahad S. Alolayan, Razan S. Alqarzaee, and Fai M. Almarshud. 2023. The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (12), 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


Chicago Style

Albassam, Hamad, Ibrahim S. Algosair, Ahmed S. Almuzaini, Abdulaziz Saleh Almadi, Adel H. Alharbi, Shahad S. Alolayan, Razan S. Alqarzaee, and Fai M. Almarshud. "The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Albassam, Hamad, Ibrahim S. Algosair, Ahmed S. Almuzaini, Abdulaziz Saleh Almadi, Adel H. Alharbi, Shahad S. Alolayan, Razan S. Alqarzaee, and Fai M. Almarshud. "The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7.12 (2023), 1776-1783. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Albassam, H., Algosair, . I. S., Almuzaini, . A. S., Almadi, . A. S., Alharbi, . A. H., Alolayan, . S. S., Alqarzaee, . R. S. & Almarshud, . F. M. (2023) The role of blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio in predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (12), 1776-1783. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1684004360




Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Marginal adaptation of fixed prosthodontics
    Shahad Mohammed Halawani, Sahar Amer Al-Harbi
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 78-84
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.7

  • Parasites in central nervous system
    Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Mansour
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(2): 72-77
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.2.6

  • Non-diabetic retinopathy: a case report
    Hassan F. Alkwikbi, Nabil Mamon Abdelfattah, Haithem Mamon Abdelfattah
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 33-37
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.6

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Prognosis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) after multiple events of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
    Baraa Faiez Rajab, Anwar Essa Alamrim, Ali Essa Alamri
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(5): 474-479
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1546551993

    •
    Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • Anti-IL-17 markedly inhibited the in vitro granuloma induced by Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen.
    Asmaa Ezz, Irene S. Gmail, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Rabab Salama, Soad Nady
    IJMDC. 2018; 2(January 2018): 38-46
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.2.1.7

  • Vitamin D deficiency among high school female students in Riyadh
    Sahar Mohsen Aldhafeeri, Fatemah Ibraheem Alrawaji, Abrar Mubarak Algharbi, Alanoud Abdullah Alhessan, Ayat Sami Qabaja, Ghaleah Abdulaziz Alnassar, Ghaliah Ofayn Alsulami, Mashael Belal Alrubaian, Norah Abdulaziz Alhatim, Salehah Salih Alotaibi, Zahra Ali Alkhamees
    IJMDC. 2017; 1(1): 18-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.1.1.4

  • Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
    Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699

  • The knowledge of mothers about children malnutrition and associated factors
    Anas Abdulrahman Aljohani, Mujahid Abdulrahman Aljohani
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 7-11
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1541620358

  • Knowledge and attitude of caregivers of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh city
    Abdulaziz Alruwaished, Baleegh Ali, Lubna Abdullah Alhowaimil , Abaraa adullah Alhowaimil, Najd Abdullah Alhowaimil, Aminah Alessa
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(1): 12-17
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1547833051

    •
    Most Cited Articles
    Most Cited Articles

  • Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
    Nuha Saad Mobarki, Buthaina Abdullah Almerabi, Ahmad Hattan Hattan
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(6): 561-564
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1549060699
    Cited : 34 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among diabetes mellitus patients in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia
    AMohammed Elamin Mukrim, Nujud Muteb D. Alshammari, Wurud Muteb D. Alshammari, Maali Subhi T. Alshammari, Yousef Nasif R. Alshammari, Abdulaziz Sael M. Alshammari, Maisa Hamad F. Alanazi, Abdulelah Abdulrhman F. Alzammam, Muharib Mana M. Alshammari, Slwa Khaled Abu Asyah, Aseel Jamal Alzuhayri, Mushref Saeid Alshammari
    IJMDC. 2019; 3(3): 229-233
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1542576396
    Cited : 8 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination toward breast cancer among female students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Abdullah Nasser Alomair, Dania Ghazi Felemban, Mohannad Sami Felemban, Jameel Abdullah Awadain, Ammar Saud Altowairqi, Nawaf Fawzan Alfawzan, Fatimah Mohammed Almazayen, Abdulrahman Jalwi Korkoman, Nawaf Saad Alrusayyis
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(2): 429-434
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1576668182
    Cited : 8 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Population awareness about rheumatoid arthritis in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
    Ahmad Ali Hazzazi, Mohssen Hassen Ageeli, Ahmed Ali Muyidi, Abdulaziz Mohammad Abulgasim, Abdullah Ahmad Yateemi, Nabil Alhakami
    IJMDC. 2020; 4(3): 668-675
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1576010943
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Prevalence and factors associated with depression among health care workers in National Guard Hospital in Riyadh, KSA
    Noor Mohammad AlFahhad
    IJMDC. 2018; 2(September 2018): 92-96
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1526306040
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

    •

    About International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

    International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries is a peer-reviewed, open access international medical journal. Journal Title Internat ... Read more.



    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

    Contact Information

    Publisher: Discover STM Publishing Ltd. 164 Moyville. Rathfarnham, Dublin, D16Y4E, Ireland

    Hours:  M-F: 7:30am - 4:30pm 

    Fax: +353 (0)1 633 5037 

    Emails:

    Journal Editorial Office:  contact@ijmdc.com

    All queries regarding the publishing or accepting of the manuscript should be directed to the Journal Editorial Office at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 

    Publishing and Hosting service is provided by Discover STM (Ireland):  contact@discoverpublish.com
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    About Publisher
    Advertising Policy
    Author's Rights and Obligations
    Conflict of Interest Policy
    Copyright Information
    Digital Archiving & Preservation Policies
    Editorial Policies
    Peer Review Policy
    Editorial & Peer Review Process
    License Information
    Open Access Policy
    Plagiarism Policy
    Privacy Policy
    Protection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)
    Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement
    Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern
    Self-Archiving Policies
    Statement of Informed Consent
    Terms of Use