Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review

Abdullah Saed Albalawi; Riyadh Awadh Alshamrani; Afraa Hassan Abudayah; Amnah Hussain Hamrani; Shroog Mohammed Fathi; Ala’a Sulaiman Almehmadi; Awatif Abdulaziz Saeidi; Talal Rashid Alanazi; Abdulrhman Abdu A Daghriri; Zahrah Hussain Almubarak

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

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Online Publishing Date:
01 / 11 / 2023

IJMDC. 2023; 7(12): 1987-1992

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review

Abdullah Saed Albalawi, Riyadh Awadh Alshamrani, Afraa Hassan Abudayah, Amnah Hussain Hamrani, Shroog Mohammed Fathi, Ala’a Sulaiman Almehmadi, Awatif Abdulaziz Saeidi, Talal Rashid Alanazi, Abdulrhman Abdu A Daghriri, Zahrah Hussain Almubarak.

Abstract
The main malignancy of hepatocytes, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a medical condition with a poor prognosis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a common infection in individuals with cirrhosis and ascites, has high morbidity and mortality. Thus this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ascites. English-language articles were collected from 2015 to 2023 demonstrating the management of epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites. Overall, there were 5 articles. Surveys and analyses of national databases were the most widely used methods (n=5). Sociodemographic information, symptoms, warning signals, risk factors, historical medical conditions, findings from significant investigations, and potential advanced management alternatives were all gathered. Intractable ascites indicated a bad prognosis in people with liver cirrhosis and frequently aggravated decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. Treatment and management options vary. Aldosterone blockers and loop diuretics are the mainstays for the treatment of ascites in cirrhotic patients, while vasopressin receptor antagonists are infrequently utilized. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors might be a novel ascites treatment with a different mechanism than currently prescribed drugs, according to recent findings. Additionally, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used to predict the incidence of acute kidney injury following the administration of tolvaptan and is a helpful predictor of tolvaptan's short- and long-term effectiveness.

Key words: Epidemiology, causes, management, ascites, systemic review

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Pubmed Style

Albalawi AS, Alshamrani RA, Abudayah AH, Hamrani AH, Fathi SM, Almehmadi AS, Saeidi AA, Alanazi TR, Daghriri AAA, Almubarak ZH. Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. IJMDC. 2023; 7(12): 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Web Style

Albalawi AS, Alshamrani RA, Abudayah AH, Hamrani AH, Fathi SM, Almehmadi AS, Saeidi AA, Alanazi TR, Daghriri AAA, Almubarak ZH. Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=172264 [Access: May 13, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Albalawi AS, Alshamrani RA, Abudayah AH, Hamrani AH, Fathi SM, Almehmadi AS, Saeidi AA, Alanazi TR, Daghriri AAA, Almubarak ZH. Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. IJMDC. 2023; 7(12): 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Albalawi AS, Alshamrani RA, Abudayah AH, Hamrani AH, Fathi SM, Almehmadi AS, Saeidi AA, Alanazi TR, Daghriri AAA, Almubarak ZH. Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. IJMDC. (2023), [cited May 13, 2024]; 7(12): 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Harvard Style

Albalawi, A. S., Alshamrani, . R. A., Abudayah, . A. H., Hamrani, . A. H., Fathi, . S. M., Almehmadi, . A. S., Saeidi, . A. A., Alanazi, . T. R., Daghriri, . A. A. A. & Almubarak, . Z. H. (2023) Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. IJMDC, 7 (12), 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Turabian Style

Albalawi, Abdullah Saed, Riyadh Awadh Alshamrani, Afraa Hassan Abudayah, Amnah Hussain Hamrani, Shroog Mohammed Fathi, Ala'a Sulaiman Almehmadi, Awatif Abdulaziz Saeidi, Talal Rashid Alanazi, Abdulrhman Abdu A Daghriri, and Zahrah Hussain Almubarak. 2023. Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (12), 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

Chicago Style

Albalawi, Abdullah Saed, Riyadh Awadh Alshamrani, Afraa Hassan Abudayah, Amnah Hussain Hamrani, Shroog Mohammed Fathi, Ala'a Sulaiman Almehmadi, Awatif Abdulaziz Saeidi, Talal Rashid Alanazi, Abdulrhman Abdu A Daghriri, and Zahrah Hussain Almubarak. "Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Albalawi, Abdullah Saed, Riyadh Awadh Alshamrani, Afraa Hassan Abudayah, Amnah Hussain Hamrani, Shroog Mohammed Fathi, Ala'a Sulaiman Almehmadi, Awatif Abdulaziz Saeidi, Talal Rashid Alanazi, Abdulrhman Abdu A Daghriri, and Zahrah Hussain Almubarak. "Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7.12 (2023), 1987-1992. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Albalawi, A. S., Alshamrani, . R. A., Abudayah, . A. H., Hamrani, . A. H., Fathi, . S. M., Almehmadi, . A. S., Saeidi, . A. A., Alanazi, . T. R., Daghriri, . A. A. A. & Almubarak, . Z. H. (2023) Epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites; a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (12), 1987-1992. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1696597972

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