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Original Article
Online Published: 16 May 2022
 


Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines

Abdulrahman Ghurmullah Almalki, Esra Adel Alkhader, Anwar Mohammed Ali Al-zahrani, Shadi Abdulhamid Alghamdi, Abdulhamid Al-ghamdi.


Abstract
Background: Pregnancy was regarded as an independent risk factor for progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM). The risk of progression can extend beyond pregnancy by up to 12 months. This study aimed to assess the practicing physician’s knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pregnant women with type I DM in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using anonymous online self-administered questionnaire which included the participants demographics, knowledge, and practice toward type I diabetic females during pregnancy. Data were analysed using chi-squared test (χ2), Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: A total of 310 physicians responded. Poor, fair, and good knowledge about DR among type I diabetic pregnant females were 1.6%, 85.8%, and 12.6%, respectively, 1%, 18.7%, and 80.3% had poor, fair and good attitude, respectively, and 15.2%, 60.6%, and 24.2% had poor, fair, and good practice. Participants whose had previous training course for care of type I diabetes in pregnant women, who were following guidelines for care of type I diabetes in pregnant women in daily practice had a significant higher good knowledge (p ≤ 0.05). Participants with 5-10 years of experience and endocrinologists had a significant positive attitude (p ≤ 0.05). Participants with >15 years of practice, family physicians and following guidelines for care of type I diabetes in pregnant women in daily had a significant higher good practice (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: The doubled risk of DR progression mandate comprehensive multidisciplinary health care guidelines and periodic training.

Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, type I diabetes mellitus, Saudi Arabia, pregnancy


 
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Pubmed Style

Almalki AG, Alkhader EA, Al-zahrani AMA, Alghamdi SA, Al-ghamdi A. Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940

Web Style

Almalki AG, Alkhader EA, Al-zahrani AMA, Alghamdi SA, Al-ghamdi A. Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=102861 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Almalki AG, Alkhader EA, Al-zahrani AMA, Alghamdi SA, Al-ghamdi A. Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. IJMDC. 2022; 6(6): 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Almalki AG, Alkhader EA, Al-zahrani AMA, Alghamdi SA, Al-ghamdi A. Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. IJMDC. (2022), [cited June 27, 2026]; 6(6): 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


Harvard Style

Almalki, A. G., Alkhader, . E. A., Al-zahrani, . A. M. A., Alghamdi, . S. A. & Al-ghamdi, . A. (2022) Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. IJMDC, 6 (6), 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


Turabian Style

Almalki, Abdulrahman Ghurmullah, Esra Adel Alkhader, Anwar Mohammed Ali Al-zahrani, Shadi Abdulhamid Alghamdi, and Abdulhamid Al-ghamdi. 2022. Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


Chicago Style

Almalki, Abdulrahman Ghurmullah, Esra Adel Alkhader, Anwar Mohammed Ali Al-zahrani, Shadi Abdulhamid Alghamdi, and Abdulhamid Al-ghamdi. "Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6 (2022), 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Almalki, Abdulrahman Ghurmullah, Esra Adel Alkhader, Anwar Mohammed Ali Al-zahrani, Shadi Abdulhamid Alghamdi, and Abdulhamid Al-ghamdi. "Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6.6 (2022), 831-841. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Almalki, A. G., Alkhader, . E. A., Al-zahrani, . A. M. A., Alghamdi, . S. A. & Al-ghamdi, . A. (2022) Diabetic retinopathy among type I diabetic pregnant females; multi-disciplinary current practice and guidelines. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (6), 831-841. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1647514940




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