Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Khalid Abdullah Alghamdi; Rana Ziad Malyani; Yomna Shafay Samaran; Atheer Marzouq Alamri; Rinad Saad Almalki; Noura Ahmed Alghamdi; Rahaf Abdullah Bagais; Ahmed Alawi Albaiti

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

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Review Article
Online Published: 10 Oct 2022

IJMDC. 2022; 6(10): 1298-1306

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Khalid Abdullah Alghamdi, Rana Ziad Malyani, Yomna Shafay Samaran, Atheer Marzouq Alamri, Rinad Saad Almalki, Noura Ahmed Alghamdi, Rahaf Abdullah Bagais, Ahmed Alawi Albaiti.

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus disease that is presented with influenza like-symptoms; however, it causes more severe conditions. The presence of different comorbidities does not affect the initial presentation of COVID-19. However, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities experience severe symptoms, more extended stay in the hospital, and higher mortality rates. The present review aims at assessing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 among diabetic, hypertensive, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients by reviewing the previous studies conducted on this subject. The medical literature was explored using PubMed and Google scholar databases for 2021 and 2022. The keywords included were “CVD, diabetes mellitus HTN, Severity, Mortality, COVID-19, Impact, Outcomes.” The inclusion criteria were English, original articles conducted on COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension (HTN), and CVD. A total of 10,952 articles were obtained, but only 11 articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. The studies included a total number of 454,866 participants; there were five studies conducted on diabetic patients, four on hypertensive patients, and two on CVD patients. Diabetes was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 and mortality, whereas HTN is not an independent risk factor. Also, the impact of CVD on severity and mortality may be more evident in the presence of other risk factors.

Key words: Severity, mortality, COVID-19, diabetes, CVD, HTN.

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Pubmed Style

Alghamdi KA, Malyani RZ, Samaran YS, Alamri AM, Almalki RS, Alghamdi NA, Bagais RA, Albaiti AA. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2022; 6(10): 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Web Style

Alghamdi KA, Malyani RZ, Samaran YS, Alamri AM, Almalki RS, Alghamdi NA, Bagais RA, Albaiti AA. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=103240 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alghamdi KA, Malyani RZ, Samaran YS, Alamri AM, Almalki RS, Alghamdi NA, Bagais RA, Albaiti AA. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. 2022; 6(10): 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alghamdi KA, Malyani RZ, Samaran YS, Alamri AM, Almalki RS, Alghamdi NA, Bagais RA, Albaiti AA. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. IJMDC. (2022), [cited June 27, 2026]; 6(10): 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Harvard Style

Alghamdi, K. A., Malyani, . R. Z., Samaran, . Y. S., Alamri, . A. M., Almalki, . R. S., Alghamdi, . N. A., Bagais, . R. A. & Albaiti, . A. A. (2022) Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. IJMDC, 6 (10), 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Turabian Style

Alghamdi, Khalid Abdullah, Rana Ziad Malyani, Yomna Shafay Samaran, Atheer Marzouq Alamri, Rinad Saad Almalki, Noura Ahmed Alghamdi, Rahaf Abdullah Bagais, and Ahmed Alawi Albaiti. 2022. Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (10), 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

Chicago Style

Alghamdi, Khalid Abdullah, Rana Ziad Malyani, Yomna Shafay Samaran, Atheer Marzouq Alamri, Rinad Saad Almalki, Noura Ahmed Alghamdi, Rahaf Abdullah Bagais, and Ahmed Alawi Albaiti. "Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6 (2022), 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alghamdi, Khalid Abdullah, Rana Ziad Malyani, Yomna Shafay Samaran, Atheer Marzouq Alamri, Rinad Saad Almalki, Noura Ahmed Alghamdi, Rahaf Abdullah Bagais, and Ahmed Alawi Albaiti. "Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 6.10 (2022), 1298-1306. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alghamdi, K. A., Malyani, . R. Z., Samaran, . Y. S., Alamri, . A. M., Almalki, . R. S., Alghamdi, . N. A., Bagais, . R. A. & Albaiti, . A. A. (2022) Severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 6 (10), 1298-1306. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1660305156

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