Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study

Abdullah Mohammed Hakami; Faisal Musaad Shutayfi; Ahmed Yahya Madkhali; Omrah Nasser Hakami; Taibah Mousa Ageeli; Manal Mohsen Khormi; Hind Essa Mahawesh; Fatemah Abdulrahman Namazi; Fatimah Ibrahim Muharraq; Khulod Qasem Shamakhi

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

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Original Article
Online Published: 02 Jan 2023

IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 530-536

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study

Abdullah Mohammed Hakami, Faisal Musaad Shutayfi, Ahmed Yahya Madkhali, Omrah Nasser Hakami, Taibah Mousa Ageeli, Manal Mohsen Khormi, Hind Essa Mahawesh, Fatemah Abdulrahman Namazi, Fatimah Ibrahim Muharraq, Khulod Qasem Shamakhi.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge, of antibiotic usage and resistance in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study design that was conducted on registered and pre-registered pharmacists working at public hospitals in Riyadh using a self-administrated printed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions about demographics, knowledge, and perception of the pharmacists.
Results: There were 313 pharmacists enrolled in this study, and there was no correlation between knowledge and either sex (p = 0.4) or age (p = 0.2), but there was a significant correlation between the pharmacy unit and the level of knowledge (p < 0.001). There were 93.6% of pharmacists who agreed and strongly agreed that antibiotics are overused and antibiotic resistance is a significant problem in the hospital. The most reported factor affecting the recommendation of the pharmacist was variability in the types and availability of antibiotics in the hospital.
Conclusion: The pharmacists of public hospitals in Riyadh showed good perception and overall knowledge regarding the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.

Key words: Knowledge, perception, pharmacist, antibiotic, resistance.

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Pubmed Style

Hakami AM, Shutayfi FM, Madkhali AY, Hakami ON, Ageeli TM, Khormi MM, Mahawesh HE, Namazi FA, Muharraq FI, Shamakhi KQ. Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Web Style

Hakami AM, Shutayfi FM, Madkhali AY, Hakami ON, Ageeli TM, Khormi MM, Mahawesh HE, Namazi FA, Muharraq FI, Shamakhi KQ. Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=120108 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hakami AM, Shutayfi FM, Madkhali AY, Hakami ON, Ageeli TM, Khormi MM, Mahawesh HE, Namazi FA, Muharraq FI, Shamakhi KQ. Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2023; 7(3): 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hakami AM, Shutayfi FM, Madkhali AY, Hakami ON, Ageeli TM, Khormi MM, Mahawesh HE, Namazi FA, Muharraq FI, Shamakhi KQ. Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2023), [cited June 27, 2026]; 7(3): 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Harvard Style

Hakami, A. M., Shutayfi, . F. M., Madkhali, . A. Y., Hakami, . O. N., Ageeli, . T. M., Khormi, . M. M., Mahawesh, . H. E., Namazi, . F. A., Muharraq, . F. I. & Shamakhi, . K. Q. (2023) Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 7 (3), 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Turabian Style

Hakami, Abdullah Mohammed, Faisal Musaad Shutayfi, Ahmed Yahya Madkhali, Omrah Nasser Hakami, Taibah Mousa Ageeli, Manal Mohsen Khormi, Hind Essa Mahawesh, Fatemah Abdulrahman Namazi, Fatimah Ibrahim Muharraq, and Khulod Qasem Shamakhi. 2023. Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (3), 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

Chicago Style

Hakami, Abdullah Mohammed, Faisal Musaad Shutayfi, Ahmed Yahya Madkhali, Omrah Nasser Hakami, Taibah Mousa Ageeli, Manal Mohsen Khormi, Hind Essa Mahawesh, Fatemah Abdulrahman Namazi, Fatimah Ibrahim Muharraq, and Khulod Qasem Shamakhi. "Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hakami, Abdullah Mohammed, Faisal Musaad Shutayfi, Ahmed Yahya Madkhali, Omrah Nasser Hakami, Taibah Mousa Ageeli, Manal Mohsen Khormi, Hind Essa Mahawesh, Fatemah Abdulrahman Namazi, Fatimah Ibrahim Muharraq, and Khulod Qasem Shamakhi. "Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7.3 (2023), 530-536. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hakami, A. M., Shutayfi, . F. M., Madkhali, . A. Y., Hakami, . O. N., Ageeli, . T. M., Khormi, . M. M., Mahawesh, . H. E., Namazi, . F. A., Muharraq, . F. I. & Shamakhi, . K. Q. (2023) Public hospital pharmacists’ perceptions and knowledge of antibiotic use and aresistance: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (3), 530-536. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1671490962

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