E-ISSN 1658-7820
 
2025, Vol: 9, Issue: 8
9 / 8Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 06 Oct 2020
 


Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Reda Abdelmoaty Goweda, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali.


Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been attributed to multiple disorders. Most recently, vitamin D deficiency has been correlated to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Accordingly, awareness of the public on the importance of vitamin D can significantly reduce these medical problems. This study evaluates the awareness of vitamin D deficiency among adult residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study that included a survey analysis distributed online to the general public in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions to collect demographic data and to evaluate the knowledge of participants. A total score for the correct answers was calculated to evaluate the level of knowledge objectively. Data analysis was executed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: A total of 304 participants from Makkah, Saudi Arabia, responded to this questionnaire. 75.3% were in the age group 18-28 years. 82.9% were males, 91.1% were Saudi, and 73% were single. Furthermore, 78.9% had a university degree. More than half of the responders had good awareness levels about vitamin D. On scoring their awareness, the average score was 9.64 ± 2.5, out of 14. The most significant risk factor influencing the awareness of Makkah residents toward vitamin D was educational level at a level of significance p-value = 0.028
Conclusion: Awareness about vitamin D deficiency among residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, was found to be satisfactory. Further studies in other areas are recommended.

Key words: Vitamin D, awareness, Saudi Arabia, residents.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Reda Abdelmoaty Goweda
Articles by Saud Omar Zakaria
Articles by Hisham Mohammed Foudah
Articles by Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki
Articles by Majed Mujmil Alsulami
Articles by Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Web Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=136346 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2020), [cited October 14, 2025]; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


Harvard Style

Goweda, R. A., Zakaria, . S. O., Foudah, . H. M., Almalki, . A. A., Alsulami, . M. M. & Alhuthali, . A. H. (2020) Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


Turabian Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. 2020. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


Chicago Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. "Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4 (2020), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. "Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4.11 (2020), 1818-1822. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Goweda, R. A., Zakaria, . S. O., Foudah, . H. M., Almalki, . A. A., Alsulami, . M. M. & Alhuthali, . A. H. (2020) Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858




Most Viewed Articles
Most Downloaded
Most Cited Articles

About International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries is a peer-reviewed, open access international medical journal. Journal Title Internat ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

Publisher: Discover STM Publishing Ltd. 164 Moyville. Rathfarnham, Dublin, D16Y4E, Ireland

Hours:  M-F: 7:30am - 4:30pm 

Fax: +353 (0)1 633 5037 

Emails:

Journal Editorial Office:  contact@ijmdc.com

All queries regarding the publishing or accepting of the manuscript should be directed to the Journal Editorial Office at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 

Publishing and Hosting service is provided by Discover STM (Ireland):  contact@discoverpublish.com
POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
Author Login
Reviewer Login
Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessAuthor's Rights and ObligationsPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernSelf-Archiving PoliciesAdvertising PolicyLicense InformationCopyright Information