Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Reda Abdelmoaty Goweda; Saud Omar Zakaria; Hisham Mohammed Foudah; Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki; Majed Mujmil Alsulami; Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

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Original Article
Online Published: 06 Oct 2020

IJMDC. 2020; 4(11): 1818-1822

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Reda Abdelmoaty Goweda, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali.

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been attributed to multiple disorders. Most recently, vitamin D deficiency has been correlated to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Accordingly, awareness of the public on the importance of vitamin D can significantly reduce these medical problems. This study evaluates the awareness of vitamin D deficiency among adult residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study that included a survey analysis distributed online to the general public in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions to collect demographic data and to evaluate the knowledge of participants. A total score for the correct answers was calculated to evaluate the level of knowledge objectively. Data analysis was executed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.
Results: A total of 304 participants from Makkah, Saudi Arabia, responded to this questionnaire. 75.3% were in the age group 18-28 years. 82.9% were males, 91.1% were Saudi, and 73% were single. Furthermore, 78.9% had a university degree. More than half of the responders had good awareness levels about vitamin D. On scoring their awareness, the average score was 9.64 ± 2.5, out of 14. The most significant risk factor influencing the awareness of Makkah residents toward vitamin D was educational level at a level of significance p-value = 0.028
Conclusion: Awareness about vitamin D deficiency among residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, was found to be satisfactory. Further studies in other areas are recommended.

Key words: Vitamin D, awareness, Saudi Arabia, residents.

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Pubmed Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Web Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=136346 [Access: January 23, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2020; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Goweda RA, Zakaria SO, Foudah HM, Almalki AA, Alsulami MM, Alhuthali AH. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2020), [cited January 23, 2025]; 4(11): 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Harvard Style

Goweda, R. A., Zakaria, . S. O., Foudah, . H. M., Almalki, . A. A., Alsulami, . M. M. & Alhuthali, . A. H. (2020) Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Turabian Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. 2020. Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

Chicago Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. "Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4 (2020), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Goweda, Reda Abdelmoaty, Saud Omar Zakaria, Hisham Mohammed Foudah, Alwaleed Abdullah Almalki, Majed Mujmil Alsulami, and Abdulmohsen Hamadi Alhuthali. "Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 4.11 (2020), 1818-1822. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Goweda, R. A., Zakaria, . S. O., Foudah, . H. M., Almalki, . A. A., Alsulami, . M. M. & Alhuthali, . A. H. (2020) Awareness of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 4 (11), 1818-1822. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1600516858

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