Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Y. Al Ameer; Hdinan Mohammed J. Alsadi; Ahmed A. Alghamdi; Hezam S. Alshahrani; Mohammed F. Alshehri; Awn A. Al Hamuman; Saeed G. Almelfi; Turki A. Alqarni

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

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Review Article
Online Published: 10 Jan 2023

IJMDC. 2023; 7(5): 828-833

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Y. Al Ameer, Hdinan Mohammed J. Alsadi, Ahmed A. Alghamdi, Hezam S. Alshahrani, Mohammed F. Alshehri, Awn A. Al Hamuman, Saeed G. Almelfi, Turki A. Alqarni.

Abstract
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are a widespread occurrence among adults across the world. While most of the nodules are asymptomatic and only require follow-ups and monitoring by a physician, some nodules grow and cause symptoms associated with cosmetic concerns and pressure in the neck region. However, there is mounting evidence of non-surgical thermal ablation (NSTA) methods for treating benign TNs. Although some medical centers in Saudi Arabia practice such treatment modalities for TNs, studies from these centers have not been conducted comparing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness between conventional surgical treatment and NSTA. In this review article, our main objective was to review the current literature, show the efficacy and affordability of NSTA treatment of TNs worldwide, and compare it to Saudi Arabia’s data. This included a review of various NSTA techniques, associated cost implications, pre-treatment and pre-qualification procedures, post-treatment and follow-ups, and the side effects. Clinical review publications related to the non-surgical treatment of TNs were selected. The focus was on large-scale, randomized studies, publications by certified national or international thyroid associations, and peer-reviewed articles on various medical websites such as PubMed. Search criteria were based on keywords: thyroid nodules, thermal ablation, laser ablation, radiofrequency high-intensity focused ultrasound, microwaves, and European Thyroid Association. This study first identified and scrutinized 65 articles from sources such as PubMed and Research Gate and applied the selection, inclusion, and exclusion criteria to narrow down to the final 30 articles that were more relevant to the study area.

Key words: Thyroid nodule, thermal ablation, laser ablation, radiofrequency, high-intensity focused ultrasound, microwaves, European thyroid association.

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Pubmed Style

Ameer AYA, Alsadi HMJ, Alghamdi AA, Alshahrani HS, Alshehri MF, Hamuman AAA, Almelfi SG, Alqarni TA. Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2023; 7(5): 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Web Style

Ameer AYA, Alsadi HMJ, Alghamdi AA, Alshahrani HS, Alshehri MF, Hamuman AAA, Almelfi SG, Alqarni TA. Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=136874 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ameer AYA, Alsadi HMJ, Alghamdi AA, Alshahrani HS, Alshehri MF, Hamuman AAA, Almelfi SG, Alqarni TA. Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2023; 7(5): 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ameer AYA, Alsadi HMJ, Alghamdi AA, Alshahrani HS, Alshehri MF, Hamuman AAA, Almelfi SG, Alqarni TA. Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2023), [cited June 27, 2026]; 7(5): 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Harvard Style

Ameer, A. Y. A., Alsadi, . H. M. J., Alghamdi, . A. A., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alshehri, . M. F., Hamuman, . A. A. A., Almelfi, . S. G. & Alqarni, . T. A. (2023) Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 7 (5), 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Turabian Style

Ameer, Ahmed Y. Al, Hdinan Mohammed J. Alsadi, Ahmed A. Alghamdi, Hezam S. Alshahrani, Mohammed F. Alshehri, Awn A. Al Hamuman, Saeed G. Almelfi, and Turki A. Alqarni. 2023. Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (5), 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

Chicago Style

Ameer, Ahmed Y. Al, Hdinan Mohammed J. Alsadi, Ahmed A. Alghamdi, Hezam S. Alshahrani, Mohammed F. Alshehri, Awn A. Al Hamuman, Saeed G. Almelfi, and Turki A. Alqarni. "Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 7 (2023), 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ameer, A. Y. A., Alsadi, . H. M. J., Alghamdi, . A. A., Alshahrani, . H. S., Alshehri, . M. F., Hamuman, . A. A. A., Almelfi, . S. G. & Alqarni, . T. A. (2023) Non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules Worldwide and Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 7 (5), 828-833. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1672935392

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