Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study

Arshi K. Mirza; Husna K. Mirza; Talal M. Abukaram; Yara A. Alaasmi; Ali Z. Alshihab; Yousef A. Aldobikhi; Mohammad A. Alaithan; Abdulrahman M. Aljarbou; Haya H. Al-Anazi; Waqar A. Farooqi

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

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Original Article
Online Published: 03 Dec 2024

IJMDC. 2024; 8(10): 2645-2653

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study

Arshi K. Mirza, Husna K. Mirza, Talal M. Abukaram, Yara A. Alaasmi, Ali Z. Alshihab, Yousef A. Aldobikhi, Mohammad A. Alaithan, Abdulrahman M. Aljarbou, Haya H. Al-anazi, Waqar A. Farooqi.

Abstract
Background: Hypertension, a cardiovascular disease, is characterized by a blood pressure reading of ≥130/80 mmHg, as defined by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. It is classified into essential or primary and secondary types. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from adults aged over 35 years in tertiary hospitals in Riyadh. A total of 917 patients with hypertension were interviewed, with 493 females and 424 males.
Results: Most participants were of Saudi nationality, uninsured, unemployed or housewives, illiterate, and from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The most common co-morbidities among the participants were diabetes mellitus (61.6%) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (23.9%). Tea was the preferred beverage (50.7%). This study focused on demographic characteristics, complications, dietary choices, smoking habits, symptoms, and medication use in patients with hypertension. Complications such as diabetes, CAD, and obesity were observed. Most participants reported healthy dietary choices and were non-smokers. Common symptoms included angina, leg pain, and vision changes. Antihypertensive uses varied, with many patients taking a single medication. The study provided valuable insights into hypertension management and healthcare interventions.
Conclusion: Most patients with hypertension have diabetes mellitus or CAD. Most take one anti-hypertensive and adhere to smart dietary choices. Cardiovascular symptoms were often reported for 1 year or more. Patients with hypertensin and diabetes suffer from atrial fibrillation and dyslipidemia. Most patients were satisfied with their overall well-being and quality of life was maintained.

Key words: Hypertension, factors associated, complications, quality of life

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Pubmed Style

Mirza AK, Mirza HK, Abukaram TM, Alaasmi YA, Alshihab AZ, Aldobikhi YA, Alaithan MA, Aljarbou AM, Al-anazi HH, Farooqi WA. Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(10): 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Web Style

Mirza AK, Mirza HK, Abukaram TM, Alaasmi YA, Alshihab AZ, Aldobikhi YA, Alaithan MA, Aljarbou AM, Al-anazi HH, Farooqi WA. Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=222376 [Access: March 17, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mirza AK, Mirza HK, Abukaram TM, Alaasmi YA, Alshihab AZ, Aldobikhi YA, Alaithan MA, Aljarbou AM, Al-anazi HH, Farooqi WA. Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(10): 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mirza AK, Mirza HK, Abukaram TM, Alaasmi YA, Alshihab AZ, Aldobikhi YA, Alaithan MA, Aljarbou AM, Al-anazi HH, Farooqi WA. Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. IJMDC. (2024), [cited March 17, 2025]; 8(10): 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Harvard Style

Mirza, A. K., Mirza, . H. K., Abukaram, . T. M., Alaasmi, . Y. A., Alshihab, . A. Z., Aldobikhi, . Y. A., Alaithan, . M. A., Aljarbou, . A. M., Al-anazi, . H. H. & Farooqi, . W. A. (2024) Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. IJMDC, 8 (10), 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Turabian Style

Mirza, Arshi K., Husna K. Mirza, Talal M. Abukaram, Yara A. Alaasmi, Ali Z. Alshihab, Yousef A. Aldobikhi, Mohammad A. Alaithan, Abdulrahman M. Aljarbou, Haya H. Al-anazi, and Waqar A. Farooqi. 2024. Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (10), 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

Chicago Style

Mirza, Arshi K., Husna K. Mirza, Talal M. Abukaram, Yara A. Alaasmi, Ali Z. Alshihab, Yousef A. Aldobikhi, Mohammad A. Alaithan, Abdulrahman M. Aljarbou, Haya H. Al-anazi, and Waqar A. Farooqi. "Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mirza, Arshi K., Husna K. Mirza, Talal M. Abukaram, Yara A. Alaasmi, Ali Z. Alshihab, Yousef A. Aldobikhi, Mohammad A. Alaithan, Abdulrahman M. Aljarbou, Haya H. Al-anazi, and Waqar A. Farooqi. "Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.10 (2024), 2645-2653. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mirza, A. K., Mirza, . H. K., Abukaram, . T. M., Alaasmi, . Y. A., Alshihab, . A. Z., Aldobikhi, . Y. A., Alaithan, . M. A., Aljarbou, . A. M., Al-anazi, . H. H. & Farooqi, . W. A. (2024) Prevalence and complications of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (10), 2645-2653. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1727537069

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