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Review Article
Online Published: 30 Dec 2024
 


Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Manal Housen Wafa, Yasmin Abdulrahman Alshehri, Abdulrahman Yasir Alhashmi, Safiyah Mohammed Alamoudi, Mohammed Khalaf Alharbi, Abeer Bader A. Alanazi, Waad Ahmed Albalawi, Abdullah Hisham M. Khoja, Mohammed Abdulkhaliq H. Busaleh, Raghad Abdullah Althubaiti, Wadha Abdulrazaq Z. Alanazi.


Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of mother and infant morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries. Despite advances in maternal health care, prevention remains critical due to an unclear multifactorial pathophysiology. Calcium supplementation has been proven to reduce the incidence of pre-eclampsia in communities with poor dietary calcium consumption. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine how effectively calcium supplements work in preventing pre-eclampsia. This review followed Cochrane principles and The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria for systematic reviews, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). An online search was conducted using specific search phrases related to calcium and pre-eclampsia in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Ovid). Following the removal of 215 duplicates, the systematic review identified 128 records by screening 516 titles and abstracts. Finally, five RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of calcium supplementation in reducing the incidence of pre-eclampsia in high-risk women were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model and found that calcium supplementation reduced pre-eclampsia risk by -0.09 (95% CI: -0.17, -0.02, p = 0.02). Three trials, however, reported no statistically significant reduction in risk when measuring severe pre-eclampsia, with a pooled risk difference of −0.02 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.02, p = 0.32). This comprehensive review and meta-analysis demonstrated that calcium supple mentation effectively reduced preeclampsia in people with insufficient calcium consumption, but its efficacy for severe preeclampsia needed to be validated. Additional research should focus on the best dosage, timing, target populations, and any side effects.

Key words: Pre-eclampsia; pregnancy; calcium; maternal health; meta-analysis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wafa MH, Alshehri YA, Alhashmi AY, Alamoudi SM, Alharbi MK, Alanazi ABA, Albalawi WA, Khoja AHM, Busaleh MAH, Althubaiti RA, Alanazi WAZ. Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2024; 8(11): 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279

Web Style

Wafa MH, Alshehri YA, Alhashmi AY, Alamoudi SM, Alharbi MK, Alanazi ABA, Albalawi WA, Khoja AHM, Busaleh MAH, Althubaiti RA, Alanazi WAZ. Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=228560 [Access: October 12, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wafa MH, Alshehri YA, Alhashmi AY, Alamoudi SM, Alharbi MK, Alanazi ABA, Albalawi WA, Khoja AHM, Busaleh MAH, Althubaiti RA, Alanazi WAZ. Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2024; 8(11): 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wafa MH, Alshehri YA, Alhashmi AY, Alamoudi SM, Alharbi MK, Alanazi ABA, Albalawi WA, Khoja AHM, Busaleh MAH, Althubaiti RA, Alanazi WAZ. Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. (2024), [cited October 12, 2025]; 8(11): 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


Harvard Style

Wafa, M. H., Alshehri, . Y. A., Alhashmi, . A. Y., Alamoudi, . S. M., Alharbi, . M. K., Alanazi, . A. B. A., Albalawi, . W. A., Khoja, . A. H. M., Busaleh, . M. A. H., Althubaiti, . R. A. & Alanazi, . W. A. Z. (2024) Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC, 8 (11), 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


Turabian Style

Wafa, Manal Housen, Yasmin Abdulrahman Alshehri, Abdulrahman Yasir Alhashmi, Safiyah Mohammed Alamoudi, Mohammed Khalaf Alharbi, Abeer Bader A. Alanazi, Waad Ahmed Albalawi, Abdullah Hisham M. Khoja, Mohammed Abdulkhaliq H. Busaleh, Raghad Abdullah Althubaiti, and Wadha Abdulrazaq Z. Alanazi. 2024. Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (11), 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


Chicago Style

Wafa, Manal Housen, Yasmin Abdulrahman Alshehri, Abdulrahman Yasir Alhashmi, Safiyah Mohammed Alamoudi, Mohammed Khalaf Alharbi, Abeer Bader A. Alanazi, Waad Ahmed Albalawi, Abdullah Hisham M. Khoja, Mohammed Abdulkhaliq H. Busaleh, Raghad Abdullah Althubaiti, and Wadha Abdulrazaq Z. Alanazi. "Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wafa, Manal Housen, Yasmin Abdulrahman Alshehri, Abdulrahman Yasir Alhashmi, Safiyah Mohammed Alamoudi, Mohammed Khalaf Alharbi, Abeer Bader A. Alanazi, Waad Ahmed Albalawi, Abdullah Hisham M. Khoja, Mohammed Abdulkhaliq H. Busaleh, Raghad Abdullah Althubaiti, and Wadha Abdulrazaq Z. Alanazi. "Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.11 (2024), 3238-3245. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wafa, M. H., Alshehri, . Y. A., Alhashmi, . A. Y., Alamoudi, . S. M., Alharbi, . M. K., Alanazi, . A. B. A., Albalawi, . W. A., Khoja, . A. H. M., Busaleh, . M. A. H., Althubaiti, . R. A. & Alanazi, . W. A. Z. (2024) Assessment of the impact of calcium on the risk of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (11), 3238-3245. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1731525279




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