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Original Article
Online Published: 23 Dec 2024
 


Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study

Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi, Amal Yahya Gharawi, Abdullah Jaber Almalki, Ehab Farouq Hakami, Rafaa Jameel Jafar, Hanin Jaber Mobarki, Mohammed Hadi Madkhali, Megali Ibrahim Koriri, Hussain Ali Shiwani, Tareq Abdu Hamzi, Abdullah Omar Moftah, Anees Mohammed Alqassem, Abdullatif Mohammed Matabi, Mazen Abdulrahman Alameer, Zakaria Ibrahim Melaisi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics, serological markers, and temporal trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients at a tertiary hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, over 3 years.
Methods: This retrospective study utilized patient data collected from the years 2021 to 2023. Participants were identified based on a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) result. Additional demographic details and HBV serological markers, including HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcIgM, and HBcIgG, were recorded.
Results: Among 43,763 samples received, a total of 1,858 participants tested positive for HBsAg (0.5%), with a male predominance (56.6%), 83.9% being Saudi nationals, and 77.2% aged over 40 years. Active HBV replication, indicated by HBeAg positivity, was observed in 2.6% of cases and was significantly associated with younger age (p-value = 0.011), with the highest replication rates recorded in the year 2021 (50%, p-value = 0.005).
Conclusion: This study provided an updated understanding of HBV infection dynamics in Jazan, showing a low HBsAg prevalence in the region, likely reflecting the impact of vaccination programs. However, younger individuals demonstrated more active HBV replication, indicating the importance of targeted interventions for this age group. In addition, the seasonal peaks in testing suggested that enhanced awareness could improve early detection and management.

Key words: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), infection, serological markers, Jazan, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alhazmi AH, Gharawi AY, Almalki AJ, Hakami EF, Jafar RJ, Mobarki HJ, Madkhali MH, Koriri MI, Shiwani HA, Hamzi TA, Moftah AO, Alqassem AM, Matabi AM, Alameer MA, Melaisi ZI. Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(12): 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891

Web Style

Alhazmi AH, Gharawi AY, Almalki AJ, Hakami EF, Jafar RJ, Mobarki HJ, Madkhali MH, Koriri MI, Shiwani HA, Hamzi TA, Moftah AO, Alqassem AM, Matabi AM, Alameer MA, Melaisi ZI. Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=230141 [Access: April 22, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alhazmi AH, Gharawi AY, Almalki AJ, Hakami EF, Jafar RJ, Mobarki HJ, Madkhali MH, Koriri MI, Shiwani HA, Hamzi TA, Moftah AO, Alqassem AM, Matabi AM, Alameer MA, Melaisi ZI. Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(12): 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alhazmi AH, Gharawi AY, Almalki AJ, Hakami EF, Jafar RJ, Mobarki HJ, Madkhali MH, Koriri MI, Shiwani HA, Hamzi TA, Moftah AO, Alqassem AM, Matabi AM, Alameer MA, Melaisi ZI. Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. IJMDC. (2024), [cited April 22, 2025]; 8(12): 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


Harvard Style

Alhazmi, A. H., Gharawi, . A. Y., Almalki, . A. J., Hakami, . E. F., Jafar, . R. J., Mobarki, . H. J., Madkhali, . M. H., Koriri, . M. I., Shiwani, . H. A., Hamzi, . T. A., Moftah, . A. O., Alqassem, . A. M., Matabi, . A. M., Alameer, . M. A. & Melaisi, . Z. I. (2024) Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. IJMDC, 8 (12), 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


Turabian Style

Alhazmi, Abdulaziz H., Amal Yahya Gharawi, Abdullah Jaber Almalki, Ehab Farouq Hakami, Rafaa Jameel Jafar, Hanin Jaber Mobarki, Mohammed Hadi Madkhali, Megali Ibrahim Koriri, Hussain Ali Shiwani, Tareq Abdu Hamzi, Abdullah Omar Moftah, Anees Mohammed Alqassem, Abdullatif Mohammed Matabi, Mazen Abdulrahman Alameer, and Zakaria Ibrahim Melaisi. 2024. Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (12), 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


Chicago Style

Alhazmi, Abdulaziz H., Amal Yahya Gharawi, Abdullah Jaber Almalki, Ehab Farouq Hakami, Rafaa Jameel Jafar, Hanin Jaber Mobarki, Mohammed Hadi Madkhali, Megali Ibrahim Koriri, Hussain Ali Shiwani, Tareq Abdu Hamzi, Abdullah Omar Moftah, Anees Mohammed Alqassem, Abdullatif Mohammed Matabi, Mazen Abdulrahman Alameer, and Zakaria Ibrahim Melaisi. "Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alhazmi, Abdulaziz H., Amal Yahya Gharawi, Abdullah Jaber Almalki, Ehab Farouq Hakami, Rafaa Jameel Jafar, Hanin Jaber Mobarki, Mohammed Hadi Madkhali, Megali Ibrahim Koriri, Hussain Ali Shiwani, Tareq Abdu Hamzi, Abdullah Omar Moftah, Anees Mohammed Alqassem, Abdullatif Mohammed Matabi, Mazen Abdulrahman Alameer, and Zakaria Ibrahim Melaisi. "Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.12 (2024), 3496-3502. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alhazmi, A. H., Gharawi, . A. Y., Almalki, . A. J., Hakami, . E. F., Jafar, . R. J., Mobarki, . H. J., Madkhali, . M. H., Koriri, . M. I., Shiwani, . H. A., Hamzi, . T. A., Moftah, . A. O., Alqassem, . A. M., Matabi, . A. M., Alameer, . M. A. & Melaisi, . Z. I. (2024) Patterns of hepatitis B infection serological markers in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia: a three-year retrospective study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (12), 3496-3502. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1732511891




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