Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey

Hussam Almalki; Manal Almasoudi; Ranya Alsiddig; Saja Felimban; Lama Almatrafi; Abdulaziz Aljuaid; Fatmah Bajri; Ashjan Bamahfouz

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

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Online Published: 15 Jan 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 222-228

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey

Hussam Almalki, Manal Almasoudi, Ranya Alsiddig, Saja Felimban, Lama Almatrafi, Abdulaziz Aljuaid, Fatmah Bajri, Ashjan Bamahfouz.

Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to document the prevalence and categories of obstacles to eye care experienced by participants and to evaluate how patient characteristics relate to self-reported obstacles to receiving eye care in Makkah.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024 among 516 participants in Makkah City using a validated online survey. All residents of Makkah City, including both Saudi and non-Saudi individuals, aged above 18 years were included. Those who declined to contribute to the survey were excluded.
Results:
The study sample included 516 parents, out of which 55.4% were females and 44.6% were males. Almost a fifth of study population never had a visit to an eye clinic. Far and short eyesight problems were the most common causes of visits. The most common reported barrier was medical cost (N=188), followed by difficulty getting an appointment (N=163), and not having medical insurance (N=123). Multiple factors were associated with visiting an eye care clinic. Age was significantly associated with eye care clinic visits (p-value <0.001). Gender was not significantly associated with eye care clinic visits (p-value=0.256). However, monthly income was significantly associated with eye care clinic visits (p-value=0.003).
Conclusion:
This study provided valuable insights into the reasons, barriers, and factors related to eye care clinic visits. The findings emphasize the need to address financial and logistical barriers to improve access to eye care services; by understanding these factors, healthcare providers can better design strategies to enhance eye health outcomes in the Saudi Arabian population.

Key words: Prevalence, characteristics, barriers, eye care, Saudi Arabia.

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Pubmed Style

Almalki H, Almasoudi M, Alsiddig R, Felimban S, Almatrafi L, Aljuaid A, Bajri F, Bamahfouz A. Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Web Style

Almalki H, Almasoudi M, Alsiddig R, Felimban S, Almatrafi L, Aljuaid A, Bajri F, Bamahfouz A. Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=234738 [Access: March 17, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Almalki H, Almasoudi M, Alsiddig R, Felimban S, Almatrafi L, Aljuaid A, Bajri F, Bamahfouz A. Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Almalki H, Almasoudi M, Alsiddig R, Felimban S, Almatrafi L, Aljuaid A, Bajri F, Bamahfouz A. Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. IJMDC. (2025), [cited March 17, 2025]; 9(1): 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Harvard Style

Almalki, H., Almasoudi, . M., Alsiddig, . R., Felimban, . S., Almatrafi, . L., Aljuaid, . A., Bajri, . F. & Bamahfouz, . A. (2025) Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. IJMDC, 9 (1), 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Turabian Style

Almalki, Hussam, Manal Almasoudi, Ranya Alsiddig, Saja Felimban, Lama Almatrafi, Abdulaziz Aljuaid, Fatmah Bajri, and Ashjan Bamahfouz. 2025. Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (1), 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

Chicago Style

Almalki, Hussam, Manal Almasoudi, Ranya Alsiddig, Saja Felimban, Lama Almatrafi, Abdulaziz Aljuaid, Fatmah Bajri, and Ashjan Bamahfouz. "Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Almalki, H., Almasoudi, . M., Alsiddig, . R., Felimban, . S., Almatrafi, . L., Aljuaid, . A., Bajri, . F. & Bamahfouz, . A. (2025) Prevalence and characteristics associated with barriers to eye care among general population in Makkah: a cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (1), 222-228. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1735174464

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