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2025, Vol: 9, Issue: 12
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Review Article
Online Published: 21 Oct 2025
 


To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes

Omar Bahamdan, Asayel Alomri, Hussain Lajami, Naser Alsubaei, Mohammed Altuwaijri, Abdullah Alhajri, Jawad Uliwat, Assim Osman.


Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), which significantly increases morbidity and death. Diabetes reduces a person's functioning and quality of life, and because of comorbidities including cardiovascular (CV) problems, it often leads to early mortality. The study searched for research on the relative effectiveness of more recent antidiabetic drugs on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search method comprised medical subject headers and keywords. The RayymanTM tool was used to assess the retrieved articles for eligibility and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for RCTs were used to assess the quality and risk of bias. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in high-risk T2D patients. These medications reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality rates compared to traditional therapies. Efpeglenatide and tirzepatide exhibited superior glycemic control and weight reduction benefits, while also improving renal outcomes. However, gastrointestinal side effects were more common, leading to treatment discontinuation in some cases. Newer antidiabetic agents, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, offer substantial cardiovascular and metabolic benefits for T2D management, especially in high-risk individuals. These medications significantly reduce the risk of CV death and major CV events while improving glycemic control. Future research should prioritize long-term outcomes and safety profiles to enhance therapeutic strategies in diabetes care.

Key words: Efficacy, antidiabetic medications, cardiovascular, outcomes, review


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Bahamdan O, Alomri A, Lajami H, Alsubaei N, Altuwaijri M, Alhajri A, Uliwat J, Osman A. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. IJMDC. Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151

Web Style

Bahamdan O, Alomri A, Lajami H, Alsubaei N, Altuwaijri M, Alhajri A, Uliwat J, Osman A. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=238284 [Access: October 22, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Bahamdan O, Alomri A, Lajami H, Alsubaei N, Altuwaijri M, Alhajri A, Uliwat J, Osman A. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. IJMDC. Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Bahamdan O, Alomri A, Lajami H, Alsubaei N, Altuwaijri M, Alhajri A, Uliwat J, Osman A. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. IJMDC, [cited October 22, 2025]; Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


Harvard Style

Bahamdan, O., Alomri, . A., Lajami, . H., Alsubaei, . N., Altuwaijri, . M., Alhajri, . A., Uliwat, . J. & Osman, . A. (2025) To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. IJMDC, Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


Turabian Style

Bahamdan, Omar, Asayel Alomri, Hussain Lajami, Naser Alsubaei, Mohammed Altuwaijri, Abdullah Alhajri, Jawad Uliwat, and Assim Osman. 2025. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


Chicago Style

Bahamdan, Omar, Asayel Alomri, Hussain Lajami, Naser Alsubaei, Mohammed Altuwaijri, Abdullah Alhajri, Jawad Uliwat, and Assim Osman. "To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Bahamdan, Omar, Asayel Alomri, Hussain Lajami, Naser Alsubaei, Mohammed Altuwaijri, Abdullah Alhajri, Jawad Uliwat, and Assim Osman. "To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. Web. 22 Oct 2025 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Bahamdan, O., Alomri, . A., Lajami, . H., Alsubaei, . N., Altuwaijri, . M., Alhajri, . A., Uliwat, . J. & Osman, . A. (2025) To evaluate and compare the efficacy of newer antidiabetic medications on cardiovascular outcomes. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 21 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1737107151




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