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Original Article
Online Published: 15 May 2025
 


The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study

Daniyah A. Sabri, Rawan M. Altowairqi, Ruba M. Altowairqi, Manar D. Almutairi, Rawan K. Asali, Ruyuf A. Alkuhayli, Shumukh A. Althomali, Alanoud M. Alharthi.


Abstract
Background: Depression is a common comorbidity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and can significantly affect self-care behaviors, leading to poor health outcomes.
Objectives: To examine the association between depression and diabetes self-care activities among adults with type 2 diabetes in Taif City, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a specialized diabetes center in Taif on 354 adults with type 2 diabetes. Depression severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), while selfcare behaviors were evaluated using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCAs).
Results: Depression was identified in 21.2% of participants, with a mean PHQ-9 score of 6.62 ± 5.44. While 90.7% demonstrated adequate self-care practices, depression was significantly associated with lower adherence to physical activity recommendations. Patients with higher depression scores engaged in fewer self-care behaviors overall, though the strongest negative correlation was observed between depression and physical activity levels (r = -0.32, p < 0.001). Non-smoking was the only independent predictor of better self-care, highlighting the role of lifestyle factors in diabetes management. Unemployment, lower education, and diabetes complications were associated with poorer self-care adherence.
Conclusion: Depression significantly affects self-care behaviors, particularly physical activity, among adults with type 2 diabetes. Integrating mental health support into routine diabetes care, alongside lifestyle interventions such as physical activity promotion and smoking cessation, may improve self-care outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal and intervention studies to develop culturally tailored care models.

Key words: self-care, depression, patient, type 2, diabetes, Taif


 
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Pubmed Style

Sabri DA, Altowairqi RM, Altowairqi RM, Almutairi MD, Asali RK, Alkuhayli RA, Althomali SA, Alharthi AM. The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. IJMDC. 2025; 9(5): 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993

Web Style

Sabri DA, Altowairqi RM, Altowairqi RM, Almutairi MD, Asali RK, Alkuhayli RA, Althomali SA, Alharthi AM. The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=249454 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sabri DA, Altowairqi RM, Altowairqi RM, Almutairi MD, Asali RK, Alkuhayli RA, Althomali SA, Alharthi AM. The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. IJMDC. 2025; 9(5): 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sabri DA, Altowairqi RM, Altowairqi RM, Almutairi MD, Asali RK, Alkuhayli RA, Althomali SA, Alharthi AM. The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. IJMDC. (2025), [cited June 23, 2026]; 9(5): 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


Harvard Style

Sabri, D. A., Altowairqi, . R. M., Altowairqi, . R. M., Almutairi, . M. D., Asali, . R. K., Alkuhayli, . R. A., Althomali, . S. A. & Alharthi, . A. M. (2025) The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. IJMDC, 9 (5), 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


Turabian Style

Sabri, Daniyah A., Rawan M. Altowairqi, Ruba M. Altowairqi, Manar D. Almutairi, Rawan K. Asali, Ruyuf A. Alkuhayli, Shumukh A. Althomali, and Alanoud M. Alharthi. 2025. The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (5), 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


Chicago Style

Sabri, Daniyah A., Rawan M. Altowairqi, Ruba M. Altowairqi, Manar D. Almutairi, Rawan K. Asali, Ruyuf A. Alkuhayli, Shumukh A. Althomali, and Alanoud M. Alharthi. "The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sabri, Daniyah A., Rawan M. Altowairqi, Ruba M. Altowairqi, Manar D. Almutairi, Rawan K. Asali, Ruyuf A. Alkuhayli, Shumukh A. Althomali, and Alanoud M. Alharthi. "The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.5 (2025), 1104-1113. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sabri, D. A., Altowairqi, . R. M., Altowairqi, . R. M., Almutairi, . M. D., Asali, . R. K., Alkuhayli, . R. A., Althomali, . S. A. & Alharthi, . A. M. (2025) The association between self-care activities and depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Taif City: a crosssectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (5), 1104-1113. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1742983993




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