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Review Article
Online Published: 13 Jul 2025
 


Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Zainab Sayed Ameer Al Abbar, Fahad Tariq Zaid Alsuwaina, Telad Khalid Asaad, Alanoud Dhuhayyan Alqawba, Abdullah Mohammed Alqahtani, Reem Sebeh A Alhazmi, Malak Ahmad A Alzahrani, Eman Hussain A Alahmed, Donya Ashgan, Hala Ahmed Alshehri.


Abstract
Acute pain is one of the leading complaints in emergency departments (EDs), it contributes to patient distress and emergency service burden. Prompt and effective pain relief is an essential component of emergency care. From pharmacologic options, intravenous (IV) morphine was considered a gold standard for treating moderate to severe acute pain in the ED due to its rapid onset, titrability, and strong analgesic properties. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IV morphine for the management of acute pain in ED settings. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases to identify studies published between the years 2015 and 2025. Eight studies with a total of 2,156 adult patients were included: six randomized controlled trials and two observational studies. The included studies compared IV morphine to fentanyl, ketamine, meperidine, and acetaminophen, or examined alternative administration strategies. The findings showed that IV morphine was effective in reducing moderate to severe acute pain across various clinical contexts. In several studies, morphine showed comparable analgesic efficacy to fentanyl and ketamine, but fentanyl provided a more rapid onset in some cases. Patient-controlled analgesia using morphine improved patient satisfaction but showed limited additional benefit in pain score reduction compared to standard titration methods. The combination of morphine with acetaminophen did not produce significant improvements over morphine alone. Morphine was well tolerated, with common side effects including nausea and sedation. Hence, IV morphine is a good option for acute pain control in the ED, with comparable alternatives available depending on clinical needs.

Key words: Intravenous morphine, acute pain, emergency department, opioid analgesia, pain management


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alanazi MM, Abbar ZSAA, Alsuwaina FTZ, Asaad TK, Alqawba AD, Alqahtani AM, Alhazmi RSA, Alzahrani MAA, Alahmed EHA, Ashgan D, Alshehri HA. Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. IJMDC. 2025; 9(6): 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873

Web Style

Alanazi MM, Abbar ZSAA, Alsuwaina FTZ, Asaad TK, Alqawba AD, Alqahtani AM, Alhazmi RSA, Alzahrani MAA, Alahmed EHA, Ashgan D, Alshehri HA. Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=259825 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alanazi MM, Abbar ZSAA, Alsuwaina FTZ, Asaad TK, Alqawba AD, Alqahtani AM, Alhazmi RSA, Alzahrani MAA, Alahmed EHA, Ashgan D, Alshehri HA. Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. IJMDC. 2025; 9(6): 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alanazi MM, Abbar ZSAA, Alsuwaina FTZ, Asaad TK, Alqawba AD, Alqahtani AM, Alhazmi RSA, Alzahrani MAA, Alahmed EHA, Ashgan D, Alshehri HA. Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. IJMDC. (2025), [cited October 14, 2025]; 9(6): 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


Harvard Style

Alanazi, M. M., Abbar, . Z. S. A. A., Alsuwaina, . F. T. Z., Asaad, . T. K., Alqawba, . A. D., Alqahtani, . A. M., Alhazmi, . R. S. A., Alzahrani, . M. A. A., Alahmed, . E. H. A., Ashgan, . D. & Alshehri, . H. A. (2025) Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. IJMDC, 9 (6), 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


Turabian Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Zainab Sayed Ameer Al Abbar, Fahad Tariq Zaid Alsuwaina, Telad Khalid Asaad, Alanoud Dhuhayyan Alqawba, Abdullah Mohammed Alqahtani, Reem Sebeh A Alhazmi, Malak Ahmad A Alzahrani, Eman Hussain A Alahmed, Donya Ashgan, and Hala Ahmed Alshehri. 2025. Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (6), 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


Chicago Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Zainab Sayed Ameer Al Abbar, Fahad Tariq Zaid Alsuwaina, Telad Khalid Asaad, Alanoud Dhuhayyan Alqawba, Abdullah Mohammed Alqahtani, Reem Sebeh A Alhazmi, Malak Ahmad A Alzahrani, Eman Hussain A Alahmed, Donya Ashgan, and Hala Ahmed Alshehri. "Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Zainab Sayed Ameer Al Abbar, Fahad Tariq Zaid Alsuwaina, Telad Khalid Asaad, Alanoud Dhuhayyan Alqawba, Abdullah Mohammed Alqahtani, Reem Sebeh A Alhazmi, Malak Ahmad A Alzahrani, Eman Hussain A Alahmed, Donya Ashgan, and Hala Ahmed Alshehri. "Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.6 (2025), 1443-1448. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alanazi, M. M., Abbar, . Z. S. A. A., Alsuwaina, . F. T. Z., Asaad, . T. K., Alqawba, . A. D., Alqahtani, . A. M., Alhazmi, . R. S. A., Alzahrani, . M. A. A., Alahmed, . E. H. A., Ashgan, . D. & Alshehri, . H. A. (2025) Effectiveness of morphine in controlling acute pain in the emergency department. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (6), 1443-1448. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1747856873




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