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Review Article
Online Published: 30 Sep 2025
 


Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article

Afnan Ahmad Alhazmi, Mohamed Altaher, Nada Mousa Mahdi, Ayat Ahmad Alhazmi, Shaqraa Abdullah Hamdi, Abdulquddus Hussain Alhazmi.


Abstract
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammatory reaction to fight the bacterial infection attacking the urothelium. It is a frequent condition encountered by women and is a potential healthcare issue. Cystitis describes the inflammation of the urinary bladder. UTI and cystitis represent a significant burden and affect the lives of patients. This review aimed to provide an overview of UTI and cystitis among women. Electronic databases were used to search for relevant articles using relevant terms. The eligible articles were those written in the English language and reporting UTI and/or cystitis among women. Despite the scarcity of literature reporting cystitis among women, it was deduced that both UTI and cystitis are considerable health issues among women; the risk factors of UTI are various and include behavior regarding sexual intercourse, pregnancy, age, diabetes, and epilepsy. The menopausal state of women affects the progression of UTI. Cystitis shares some risk factors with UTI; the available literature focused on UTI risk factors instead of discussing cystitis risk factors. Nonetheless, cystitis is linked with age-related prolapse of organs. Similarly, the treatment of both conditions shares major items, such as individualized treatment based on the causative agent, the characteristics of the patient, such as having an allergy toward specific agents, selecting the appropriate dosage and treatment duration, in other words, following the Stewardship program. However, literature and available studies that reported cystitis did not focus on cystitis and discussed UTI; therefore, there is a lack of data regarding cystitis among women.

Key words: Urinary tract infection, cystitis, women, treatment, review


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alhazmi AA, Altaher M, Mahdi NM, Alhazmi AA, Hamdi SA, Alhazmi AH. Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. IJMDC. Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235

Web Style

Alhazmi AA, Altaher M, Mahdi NM, Alhazmi AA, Hamdi SA, Alhazmi AH. Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=275584 [Access: October 13, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alhazmi AA, Altaher M, Mahdi NM, Alhazmi AA, Hamdi SA, Alhazmi AH. Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. IJMDC. Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alhazmi AA, Altaher M, Mahdi NM, Alhazmi AA, Hamdi SA, Alhazmi AH. Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. IJMDC, [cited October 13, 2025]; Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


Harvard Style

Alhazmi, A. A., Altaher, . M., Mahdi, . N. M., Alhazmi, . A. A., Hamdi, . S. A. & Alhazmi, . A. H. (2025) Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. IJMDC, Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


Turabian Style

Alhazmi, Afnan Ahmad, Mohamed Altaher, Nada Mousa Mahdi, Ayat Ahmad Alhazmi, Shaqraa Abdullah Hamdi, and Abdulquddus Hussain Alhazmi. 2025. Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


Chicago Style

Alhazmi, Afnan Ahmad, Mohamed Altaher, Nada Mousa Mahdi, Ayat Ahmad Alhazmi, Shaqraa Abdullah Hamdi, and Abdulquddus Hussain Alhazmi. "Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alhazmi, Afnan Ahmad, Mohamed Altaher, Nada Mousa Mahdi, Ayat Ahmad Alhazmi, Shaqraa Abdullah Hamdi, and Abdulquddus Hussain Alhazmi. "Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. Web. 13 Oct 2025 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alhazmi, A. A., Altaher, . M., Mahdi, . N. M., Alhazmi, . A. A., Hamdi, . S. A. & Alhazmi, . A. H. (2025) Urinary tract infection and cystitis in women: a review article. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 30 Sep, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1754419235




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