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Review Article
Online Published: 14 Dec 2025
 


Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ali O. Aldamen, Manaal Shakir, Yahya Z Almelibari, Hesham Y Alzahrani, Rana S Alwadie, Ruwaym Jaber Alharbi, Alwaleed Fahad H. Altemani, Nouf Abdulrahman M. Aljohani, Bassam M. Alshahrani, Mahdi Sami Alabdullah, Fatimah S. Alshahrani.


Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the cross-sectional area of the median nerve in patients with leprosy. High-resolution ultrasonography provides an objective assessment of nerve damage, facilitating early diagnosis and monitoring. Understanding these structural changes can improve disease management and support timely intervention to prevent permanent nerve damage. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases up to May 2025 for studies reporting ultrasound-measured cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in leprosy. Eligible studies were observational or clinical trials in English. Data were extracted and quality assessed using NIH tools, with meta-analysis conducted using RevMan 5.4. The search identified 32 studies, with 8 meeting the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment rated all studies as good. Meta-analysis of 5 studies showed leprosy patients had significantly higher median nerve CSA than controls (MD = 5.48 mm², 95% CI: 2.64–8.33, p-value=0.0002, I² = 93%). Single-arm analysis of 8 studies showed a pooled CSA of 13.28 mm² (95% CI: 11.38–15.17, p<0.001, I² = 94%). This study confirmed that leprosy significantly increases the median nerve's cross-sectional area, detectable by ultrasound. High-resolution sonography offers a non-invasive, reliable tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of nerve damage, supporting its clinical value in managing leprosy-related neuropathy.

Key words: Leprosy, median nerve, sonography, Hansen's disease, systematic review


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Aldamen AO, Shakir M, Almelibari YZ, Alzahrani HY, Alwadie RS, Alharbi RJ, Altemani AFH, Aljohani NAM, Alshahrani BM, Alabdullah MS, Alshahrani FS. Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289

Web Style

Aldamen AO, Shakir M, Almelibari YZ, Alzahrani HY, Alwadie RS, Alharbi RJ, Altemani AFH, Aljohani NAM, Alshahrani BM, Alabdullah MS, Alshahrani FS. Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=286253 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Aldamen AO, Shakir M, Almelibari YZ, Alzahrani HY, Alwadie RS, Alharbi RJ, Altemani AFH, Aljohani NAM, Alshahrani BM, Alabdullah MS, Alshahrani FS. Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Aldamen AO, Shakir M, Almelibari YZ, Alzahrani HY, Alwadie RS, Alharbi RJ, Altemani AFH, Aljohani NAM, Alshahrani BM, Alabdullah MS, Alshahrani FS. Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC. (2025), [cited June 23, 2026]; 9(11): 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


Harvard Style

Aldamen, A. O., Shakir, . M., Almelibari, . Y. Z., Alzahrani, . H. Y., Alwadie, . R. S., Alharbi, . R. J., Altemani, . A. F. H., Aljohani, . N. A. M., Alshahrani, . B. M., Alabdullah, . M. S. & Alshahrani, . F. S. (2025) Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IJMDC, 9 (11), 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


Turabian Style

Aldamen, Ali O., Manaal Shakir, Yahya Z Almelibari, Hesham Y Alzahrani, Rana S Alwadie, Ruwaym Jaber Alharbi, Alwaleed Fahad H. Altemani, Nouf Abdulrahman M. Aljohani, Bassam M. Alshahrani, Mahdi Sami Alabdullah, and Fatimah S. Alshahrani. 2025. Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


Chicago Style

Aldamen, Ali O., Manaal Shakir, Yahya Z Almelibari, Hesham Y Alzahrani, Rana S Alwadie, Ruwaym Jaber Alharbi, Alwaleed Fahad H. Altemani, Nouf Abdulrahman M. Aljohani, Bassam M. Alshahrani, Mahdi Sami Alabdullah, and Fatimah S. Alshahrani. "Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Aldamen, Ali O., Manaal Shakir, Yahya Z Almelibari, Hesham Y Alzahrani, Rana S Alwadie, Ruwaym Jaber Alharbi, Alwaleed Fahad H. Altemani, Nouf Abdulrahman M. Aljohani, Bassam M. Alshahrani, Mahdi Sami Alabdullah, and Fatimah S. Alshahrani. "Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.11 (2025), 2860-2869. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Aldamen, A. O., Shakir, . M., Almelibari, . Y. Z., Alzahrani, . H. Y., Alwadie, . R. S., Alharbi, . R. J., Altemani, . A. F. H., Aljohani, . N. A. M., Alshahrani, . B. M., Alabdullah, . M. S. & Alshahrani, . F. S. (2025) Median nerve sonography in patients with leprosy disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2860-2869. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1758727289




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