The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia

Daniyah Alharbi; Inam Abulreish; Fatimah Sulaymani; Abeer Shaker; Nusaybah Alhassani

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

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Original Article
Online Published: 17 Dec 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3064-3071

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia

Daniyah Alharbi, Inam Abulreish, Fatimah Sulaymani, Abeer Shaker, Nusaybah Alhassani.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Saudi women’s knowledge of episiotomy and adverse effects, identified predictors of awareness (e.g., age, education, occupation), and explored preferred information sources to guide targeted educational strategies.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated, Arabic-translated questionnaire. Women aged 18 years and above residing in Saudi Arabia were recruited through online platforms.
Results: This study, which included 404 participants, revealed a notable knowledge gap regarding episiotomy. Although 65% had heard of the term, only 61.2% correctly identified it as a surgical procedure for delivering a baby. However, the perceived knowledge accuracy was high in only 6.2% of the sample. Most information came from online sources rather than healthcare providers. Among 196 previously pregnant women, only 24% received information during pregnancy. Awareness of complications, especially pain (80.2%) and healing issues (61.9%), was higher among those familiar with the term. Younger, single, and student participants showed greater awareness, while older, married, and multiparous women had lower knowledge. Prior exposure strongly predicted better understanding and recognition of adverse effects.
Conclusion: The study highlighted a substantial gap in women’s knowledge about episiotomy and its risks. Enhanced educational strategies, especially during antenatal care, are needed to raise awareness about selective rather than routine episiotomy.

Key words: Episiotomy, knowledge, adverse effect, Saudi Arabia, survey and questionnaires.

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Pubmed Style

Alharbi D, Abulreish I, Sulaymani F, Shaker A, Alhassani N. The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

Web Style

Alharbi D, Abulreish I, Sulaymani F, Shaker A, Alhassani N. The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=290468 [Access: January 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alharbi D, Abulreish I, Sulaymani F, Shaker A, Alhassani N. The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alharbi D, Abulreish I, Sulaymani F, Shaker A, Alhassani N. The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 16, 2026]; 9(12): 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

Harvard Style

Alharbi, D., Abulreish, . I., Sulaymani, . F., Shaker, . A. & Alhassani, . N. (2025) The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

Turabian Style

Alharbi, Daniyah, Inam Abulreish, Fatimah Sulaymani, Abeer Shaker, and Nusaybah Alhassani. 2025. The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

Chicago Style

Alharbi, Daniyah, Inam Abulreish, Fatimah Sulaymani, Abeer Shaker, and Nusaybah Alhassani. "The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alharbi, Daniyah, Inam Abulreish, Fatimah Sulaymani, Abeer Shaker, and Nusaybah Alhassani. "The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3064-3071. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alharbi, D., Abulreish, . I., Sulaymani, . F., Shaker, . A. & Alhassani, . N. (2025) The adverse effects of episiotomy and assessing women’s knowledge in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3064-3071. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1760529321

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