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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Original Article
Online Published: 17 Feb 2026
 


Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Turki M. Dhayihi, Ali M. Hendi, Osama A. Mobarki, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Manar A. Hamzi, Asrar A. Jabrah, Sarah M. Shanaq, Jawaher S. Farji, Ehab F. Hakami, Mnar H. Moafa, Mohammed H. Hakami, Basmah A. Safar, Emtnan M. Rubaydi, Orjuwan A. Zunquti, Yahia Madkhali.


Abstract
Background: Knowledge and awareness of imaging-related ionizing radiation risks in Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study assessed these factors and their determinants among adults in Jazan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 604 adults employed a validated questionnaire assessing radiological imaging background, radiation risk awareness, and protection practices. Scores were categorized as high, moderate, or low based on Bloom’s cutoff points. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors (p < 0.05).
Results: Low scores were prevalent across all domains, with 66% of participants demonstrating low imaging background knowledge, 68% showing low radiation risk awareness, and 48% exhibiting low levels of protection practices. Notably, only 20% had heard the term “ionizing radiation,” and just 18% were able to define it correctly. Nearly one-third could not identify imaging modalities that involve ionizing radiation. Male participants scored significantly higher than females in risk awareness (β = 0.39, p = 0.010) and protection practices (β = 0.38, p = 0.010). Higher education, particularly postgraduate education, was a significant predictor of higher scores in background knowledge (β = 0.55, p = 0.010), risk awareness (β = 0.90, p = 0.009), and protection practices (β = 1.05, p = 0.002). Prior radiological imaging history strongly predicted higher scores in background knowledge (β = 4.91, p < 0.001) and protection practices (β = 0.92, p < 0.001). Urban residence was associated with greater radiation risk awareness scores (β = 0.36, p = 0.012), and higher monthly income (>15,000 SAR) was a significant predictor of improved background knowledge scores (β = 0.37, p = 0.006).
Conclusion: Culturally tailored education, particularly for older adults, females, and rural residents, is essential to improve health literacy and promote safe imaging practices.

Key words: Ionizing radiation; Radiation risk awareness; Public knowledge; Jazan region; Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Dhayihi TM, Hendi AM, Mobarki OA, Otayf DAH, Hamzi MA, Jabrah AA, Shanaq SM, Farji JS, Hakami EF, Moafa MH, Hakami MH, Safar BA, Rubaydi EM, Zunquti OA, Madkhali Y. Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(4): 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439

Web Style

Dhayihi TM, Hendi AM, Mobarki OA, Otayf DAH, Hamzi MA, Jabrah AA, Shanaq SM, Farji JS, Hakami EF, Moafa MH, Hakami MH, Safar BA, Rubaydi EM, Zunquti OA, Madkhali Y. Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=293610 [Access: April 08, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Dhayihi TM, Hendi AM, Mobarki OA, Otayf DAH, Hamzi MA, Jabrah AA, Shanaq SM, Farji JS, Hakami EF, Moafa MH, Hakami MH, Safar BA, Rubaydi EM, Zunquti OA, Madkhali Y. Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(4): 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Dhayihi TM, Hendi AM, Mobarki OA, Otayf DAH, Hamzi MA, Jabrah AA, Shanaq SM, Farji JS, Hakami EF, Moafa MH, Hakami MH, Safar BA, Rubaydi EM, Zunquti OA, Madkhali Y. Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited April 08, 2026]; 10(4): 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


Harvard Style

Dhayihi, T. M., Hendi, . A. M., Mobarki, . O. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Hamzi, . M. A., Jabrah, . A. A., Shanaq, . S. M., Farji, . J. S., Hakami, . E. F., Moafa, . M. H., Hakami, . M. H., Safar, . B. A., Rubaydi, . E. M., Zunquti, . O. A. & Madkhali, . Y. (2026) Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (4), 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


Turabian Style

Dhayihi, Turki M., Ali M. Hendi, Osama A. Mobarki, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Manar A. Hamzi, Asrar A. Jabrah, Sarah M. Shanaq, Jawaher S. Farji, Ehab F. Hakami, Mnar H. Moafa, Mohammed H. Hakami, Basmah A. Safar, Emtnan M. Rubaydi, Orjuwan A. Zunquti, and Yahia Madkhali. 2026. Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (4), 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


Chicago Style

Dhayihi, Turki M., Ali M. Hendi, Osama A. Mobarki, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Manar A. Hamzi, Asrar A. Jabrah, Sarah M. Shanaq, Jawaher S. Farji, Ehab F. Hakami, Mnar H. Moafa, Mohammed H. Hakami, Basmah A. Safar, Emtnan M. Rubaydi, Orjuwan A. Zunquti, and Yahia Madkhali. "Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Dhayihi, Turki M., Ali M. Hendi, Osama A. Mobarki, Dhiyaa A. H. Otayf, Manar A. Hamzi, Asrar A. Jabrah, Sarah M. Shanaq, Jawaher S. Farji, Ehab F. Hakami, Mnar H. Moafa, Mohammed H. Hakami, Basmah A. Safar, Emtnan M. Rubaydi, Orjuwan A. Zunquti, and Yahia Madkhali. "Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.4 (2026), 1081-1092. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Dhayihi, T. M., Hendi, . A. M., Mobarki, . O. A., Otayf, . D. A. H., Hamzi, . M. A., Jabrah, . A. A., Shanaq, . S. M., Farji, . J. S., Hakami, . E. F., Moafa, . M. H., Hakami, . M. H., Safar, . B. A., Rubaydi, . E. M., Zunquti, . O. A. & Madkhali, . Y. (2026) Unveiling the gaps: knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding radiation hazards among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (4), 1081-1092. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761842439




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