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Original Article
Online Published: 31 Dec 2025
 


Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis

Hadeel A. Alghamdi, Bayan F. Alzahrani, Manar K. Almaliki, Noura R. Alotaibi, Ranyah E. Rawas, Renad M. Almatrafi, Thekra A. Alwafi, Ibrahim H. Al-harbi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess parental awareness regarding pediatric sinusitis, associated risk factors, and complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2025 to September 2025 among 920 parents residing in Makkah. Participants were recruited via a randomized online questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. The survey included sections on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of sinusitis symptoms, risk factors, complications, and healthcare-seeking Behaviors.
Results: Out of 920 participants, 81.4% (n=749) had heard of pediatric sinusitis, but only 18.5% (n=170) reported a comprehensive understanding of the condition. Commonly recognized symptoms included nasal congestion (73.6%, n=677) and rhinorrhea (59.8%, n=550). Awareness of risk factors was highest for allergies (77.7%, n=715) and upper respiratory tract infections (61.7%, n=568), but notably lower for conditions like asthma (33.5%, n=308) and nasal septal deviation (42.6%, n=392). Only 34.6% (n=318) of parents reported regular pediatric follow-ups for sinus-related issues. The overall knowledge level was low in 75.2% (n= 692) of participants. A higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with female gender and a previous direct experience with sinusitis cases.
Conclusion: Although general awareness of pediatric sinusitis existed among parents in Makkah, detailed knowledge about its symptoms, risk factors, and complications remain limited. Targeted educational interventions using digital platforms and physician-led counseling are urgently needed to improve early detection and reduce complications associated with pediatric sinusitis.

Key words: Parental knowledge, pediatric sinusitis, risk factors, complications, Saudi Arabia.


 
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Pubmed Style

Alghamdi HA, Alzahrani BF, Almaliki MK, Alotaibi NR, Rawas RE, Almatrafi RM, Alwafi TA, Al-harbi IH. Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606

Web Style

Alghamdi HA, Alzahrani BF, Almaliki MK, Alotaibi NR, Rawas RE, Almatrafi RM, Alwafi TA, Al-harbi IH. Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=294174 [Access: January 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alghamdi HA, Alzahrani BF, Almaliki MK, Alotaibi NR, Rawas RE, Almatrafi RM, Alwafi TA, Al-harbi IH. Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alghamdi HA, Alzahrani BF, Almaliki MK, Alotaibi NR, Rawas RE, Almatrafi RM, Alwafi TA, Al-harbi IH. Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 16, 2026]; 9(12): 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


Harvard Style

Alghamdi, H. A., Alzahrani, . B. F., Almaliki, . M. K., Alotaibi, . N. R., Rawas, . R. E., Almatrafi, . R. M., Alwafi, . T. A. & Al-harbi, . I. H. (2025) Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


Turabian Style

Alghamdi, Hadeel A., Bayan F. Alzahrani, Manar K. Almaliki, Noura R. Alotaibi, Ranyah E. Rawas, Renad M. Almatrafi, Thekra A. Alwafi, and Ibrahim H. Al-harbi. 2025. Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


Chicago Style

Alghamdi, Hadeel A., Bayan F. Alzahrani, Manar K. Almaliki, Noura R. Alotaibi, Ranyah E. Rawas, Renad M. Almatrafi, Thekra A. Alwafi, and Ibrahim H. Al-harbi. "Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alghamdi, Hadeel A., Bayan F. Alzahrani, Manar K. Almaliki, Noura R. Alotaibi, Ranyah E. Rawas, Renad M. Almatrafi, Thekra A. Alwafi, and Ibrahim H. Al-harbi. "Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3106-3115. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alghamdi, H. A., Alzahrani, . B. F., Almaliki, . M. K., Alotaibi, . N. R., Rawas, . R. E., Almatrafi, . R. M., Alwafi, . T. A. & Al-harbi, . I. H. (2025) Parental knowledge of pediatric sinusitis risk factors and associated complications in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3106-3115. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1762106606




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