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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 3
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Review Article
Online Published: 02 Jan 2026
 


A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Battal Nayef Algethami, Mohmmad Yasin Fallatah, Heyam Abdullah Almaghrabi, Mariam Saleh Moshref, Lamees Fahad Alharbi, Mohammed Abdulatif Ahmed.


Abstract
Acute surgical presentations include intra-abdominal emergencies and critical vascular and traumatic conditions. Early assessment and risk stratification are used to guide triage, operative decision-making, and quality standards in emergency settings. This study aimed to discuss articles on early assessment pathways, risk assessment tools, and operative management strategies in adults with acute surgical presentations. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Major databases were searched for studies that evaluated bedside physiologic assessment, laboratory and imaging integrated pathways, risk scores, and timing or approach of operative or endovascular intervention. Independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias with appropriate tools. The literature suggested that combining physiology, key laboratory markers, and focused imaging helps identify high-risk patients and prioritize urgent intervention. Several scores and pathway-based approaches might standardize early decisions and support service-level auditing. Heterogeneity in populations, score components, and outcomes limits direct comparisons and pooled conclusions. Structured early assessment and risk stratification improve safety and efficiency in emergency abdominal, vascular, and traumatic care. Future multicenter research would match outcome definitions and evaluate implementation to confirm which tools most improve patient and system outcomes.

Key words: Emergency general surgery, acute abdomen, risk stratification, triage, early assessment, systematic review.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alanazi MM, Algethami BN, Fallatah MY, Almaghrabi HA, Moshref MS, Alharbi LF, Ahmed MA. A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633

Web Style

Alanazi MM, Algethami BN, Fallatah MY, Almaghrabi HA, Moshref MS, Alharbi LF, Ahmed MA. A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=302759 [Access: January 17, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alanazi MM, Algethami BN, Fallatah MY, Almaghrabi HA, Moshref MS, Alharbi LF, Ahmed MA. A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alanazi MM, Algethami BN, Fallatah MY, Almaghrabi HA, Moshref MS, Alharbi LF, Ahmed MA. A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 17, 2026]; 9(12): 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


Harvard Style

Alanazi, M. M., Algethami, . B. N., Fallatah, . M. Y., Almaghrabi, . H. A., Moshref, . M. S., Alharbi, . L. F. & Ahmed, . M. A. (2025) A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


Turabian Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Battal Nayef Algethami, Mohmmad Yasin Fallatah, Heyam Abdullah Almaghrabi, Mariam Saleh Moshref, Lamees Fahad Alharbi, and Mohammed Abdulatif Ahmed. 2025. A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


Chicago Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Battal Nayef Algethami, Mohmmad Yasin Fallatah, Heyam Abdullah Almaghrabi, Mariam Saleh Moshref, Lamees Fahad Alharbi, and Mohammed Abdulatif Ahmed. "A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Battal Nayef Algethami, Mohmmad Yasin Fallatah, Heyam Abdullah Almaghrabi, Mariam Saleh Moshref, Lamees Fahad Alharbi, and Mohammed Abdulatif Ahmed. "A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3362-3367. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alanazi, M. M., Algethami, . B. N., Fallatah, . M. Y., Almaghrabi, . H. A., Moshref, . M. S., Alharbi, . L. F. & Ahmed, . M. A. (2025) A systematic review of early emergency assessment, risk stratification, and operative management strategies in adult patients with acute surgical presentations, including abdominal, vascular, and traumatic conditions. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3362-3367. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765394633




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