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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Original Article
Online Published: 31 May 2026
 


Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students

Adhari A. Alsulami, Mada Aljohani, Sarah Alharthi, Shahad Alrodan, Marah Qudaih, Mohammed Alkhawari, Mohammad Othman, Alhazouf Alorabi, Manar Mufleh.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of caffeine consumption and associated caffeine withdrawal symptoms among medical and health science students. In addition, to assess associations of caffeine consumption and related symptoms with demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral factors.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 408 medical and health science students. Data included sociodemographic profile, lifestyle habits, anthropometric parameters, caffeinated drink consumption, and symptoms of withdrawal.
Results:
Caffeine usage was reported by 86.5%, and withdrawal was reported by 69.9% of the participants. Caffeine usage was more common in exercising individuals (94.0% vs. 76.6%, p<0.001) and in individuals consuming an energy drink (91.2% vs. 80.0%, p-value=0.001). Similarly, withdrawal was more common in individuals consuming an energy drink (82.4% vs. 65.4%, p-value=0.001) and differed in exercising individuals (p<0.001). No significant relationship was seen in terms of gender and body mass index.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of caffeine intake was high among medical and health science students and was also associated with symptoms of caffeine withdrawal. This indicated possible dependence on caffeine. Exercise status and energy drinks were important correlates of caffeine intake and caffeine withdrawal. Education is recommended as a strategy to promote healthy caffeine use and awareness of caffeine withdrawal symptoms.

Key words: Coffee, energy drinks, medical students, withdrawal symptoms, body mass index, dependence


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alsulami AA, Aljohani M, Alharthi S, Alrodan S, Qudaih M, Alkhawari M, Othman M, Alorabi A, Mufleh M. Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. IJMDC. Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723

Web Style

Alsulami AA, Aljohani M, Alharthi S, Alrodan S, Qudaih M, Alkhawari M, Othman M, Alorabi A, Mufleh M. Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=317929 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alsulami AA, Aljohani M, Alharthi S, Alrodan S, Qudaih M, Alkhawari M, Othman M, Alorabi A, Mufleh M. Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. IJMDC. Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alsulami AA, Aljohani M, Alharthi S, Alrodan S, Qudaih M, Alkhawari M, Othman M, Alorabi A, Mufleh M. Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. IJMDC, [cited June 26, 2026]; Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


Harvard Style

Alsulami, A. A., Aljohani, . M., Alharthi, . S., Alrodan, . S., Qudaih, . M., Alkhawari, . M., Othman, . M., Alorabi, . A. & Mufleh, . M. (2026) Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. IJMDC, Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


Turabian Style

Alsulami, Adhari A., Mada Aljohani, Sarah Alharthi, Shahad Alrodan, Marah Qudaih, Mohammed Alkhawari, Mohammad Othman, Alhazouf Alorabi, and Manar Mufleh. 2026. Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


Chicago Style

Alsulami, Adhari A., Mada Aljohani, Sarah Alharthi, Shahad Alrodan, Marah Qudaih, Mohammed Alkhawari, Mohammad Othman, Alhazouf Alorabi, and Manar Mufleh. "Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alsulami, Adhari A., Mada Aljohani, Sarah Alharthi, Shahad Alrodan, Marah Qudaih, Mohammed Alkhawari, Mohammad Othman, Alhazouf Alorabi, and Manar Mufleh. "Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 31 May, 2026. Web. 26 Jun 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alsulami, A. A., Aljohani, . M., Alharthi, . S., Alrodan, . S., Qudaih, . M., Alkhawari, . M., Othman, . M., Alorabi, . A. & Mufleh, . M. (2026) Coffee and energy drinks' effects on medical students. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 31 May, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1776593723




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