Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review

Zainab Abdulhameed Al Obaidi; Khalil Ibrahim Bograin; Norah Sami Al Ibrahim; Zahraa Abdullah Buzaid; Noor Ahmed Al-Hammadah; Zainab Ali Alnaser; Mashahed Yousif Almoutawa; Fatimah Hussain Alzaher; Tuqa Saeed Almarzooq; Zainab Ali Albin Ameer; Shahad Fouad Alyousif

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

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Online Published: 15 Jun 2026

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doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review

Zainab Abdulhameed Al Obaidi, Khalil Ibrahim Bograin, Norah Sami Al Ibrahim, Zahraa Abdullah Buzaid, Noor Ahmed Al-hammadah, Zainab Ali Alnaser, Mashahed Yousif Almoutawa, Fatimah Hussain Alzaher, Tuqa Saeed Almarzooq, Zainab Ali Albin Ameer, Shahad Fouad Alyousif.

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is still one of the deadliest cancers in the world, and there is an increased incidence of it following the global obesity epidemic. This systematic review included the latest research on the association of obesity with pancreatic cancer, as well as recent studies that use cutting-edge methodological techniques to address confounding and to shed light on causal mechanisms. Under the PRISMA criteria, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Mendelian randomization criteria and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to measure quality. The obesity-cancer association becomes apparent in young adults (20–39 years old) and was nearly twofold higher in those who were class II obese (adjusted HR 1.958). Metabolomic analyses revealed that valine is a mediator that accounted for approximately 19% of the obesity-cancer association. And abdominal adiposity might be a more important causal factor than total body mass index. The metabolic dysfunctions induced by obesity were more likely to be linked to the risk of pancreatic cancer than the metabolic dysfunctions induced by a high BMI alone. Abdominal adiposity and metabolic health status were found to be more important factors than BMI alone. The importance of early weight management therapies was found to be underscored by the preventive effect that bariatric surgery has and the dose-response relationship between the severity of obesity and the age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Metabolic health assessment should be incorporated with the traditional anthropometric assessment in risk stratification to identify high-risk group(s) for targeted preventive interventions.

Key words: Pancreatic cancer, obesity, body mass index, adiposity, early-onset pancreatic cancer, systematic review

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Pubmed Style

Obaidi ZAA, Bograin KI, Ibrahim NSA, Buzaid ZA, Al-hammadah NA, Alnaser ZA, Almoutawa MY, Alzaher FH, Almarzooq TS, Ameer ZAA, Alyousif SF. Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Web Style

Obaidi ZAA, Bograin KI, Ibrahim NSA, Buzaid ZA, Al-hammadah NA, Alnaser ZA, Almoutawa MY, Alzaher FH, Almarzooq TS, Ameer ZAA, Alyousif SF. Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=318598 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Obaidi ZAA, Bograin KI, Ibrahim NSA, Buzaid ZA, Al-hammadah NA, Alnaser ZA, Almoutawa MY, Alzaher FH, Almarzooq TS, Ameer ZAA, Alyousif SF. Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Obaidi ZAA, Bograin KI, Ibrahim NSA, Buzaid ZA, Al-hammadah NA, Alnaser ZA, Almoutawa MY, Alzaher FH, Almarzooq TS, Ameer ZAA, Alyousif SF. Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. IJMDC, [cited June 27, 2026]; Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Harvard Style

Obaidi, Z. A. A., Bograin, . K. I., Ibrahim, . N. S. A., Buzaid, . Z. A., Al-hammadah, . N. A., Alnaser, . Z. A., Almoutawa, . M. Y., Alzaher, . F. H., Almarzooq, . T. S., Ameer, . Z. A. A. & Alyousif, . S. F. (2026) Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. IJMDC, Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Turabian Style

Obaidi, Zainab Abdulhameed Al, Khalil Ibrahim Bograin, Norah Sami Al Ibrahim, Zahraa Abdullah Buzaid, Noor Ahmed Al-hammadah, Zainab Ali Alnaser, Mashahed Yousif Almoutawa, Fatimah Hussain Alzaher, Tuqa Saeed Almarzooq, Zainab Ali Albin Ameer, and Shahad Fouad Alyousif. 2026. Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

Chicago Style

Obaidi, Zainab Abdulhameed Al, Khalil Ibrahim Bograin, Norah Sami Al Ibrahim, Zahraa Abdullah Buzaid, Noor Ahmed Al-hammadah, Zainab Ali Alnaser, Mashahed Yousif Almoutawa, Fatimah Hussain Alzaher, Tuqa Saeed Almarzooq, Zainab Ali Albin Ameer, and Shahad Fouad Alyousif. "Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Obaidi, Zainab Abdulhameed Al, Khalil Ibrahim Bograin, Norah Sami Al Ibrahim, Zahraa Abdullah Buzaid, Noor Ahmed Al-hammadah, Zainab Ali Alnaser, Mashahed Yousif Almoutawa, Fatimah Hussain Alzaher, Tuqa Saeed Almarzooq, Zainab Ali Albin Ameer, and Shahad Fouad Alyousif. "Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. Web. 27 Jun 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Obaidi, Z. A. A., Bograin, . K. I., Ibrahim, . N. S. A., Buzaid, . Z. A., Al-hammadah, . N. A., Alnaser, . Z. A., Almoutawa, . M. Y., Alzaher, . F. H., Almarzooq, . T. S., Ameer, . Z. A. A. & Alyousif, . S. F. (2026) Association between obesity and the incidence of pancreatic cancers: an up-to-date systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 15 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1777074033

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