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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 8
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Original Article
Online Published: 16 Aug 2026
 


Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Nabeel A Madkhali, Naif M Alshamrani, Mohammed H Ghasham, Turki I Aljezani, Salman M Jathmi, Ahmed K Moafa, Mohammed B Altherwi, Yazeed A Alrajhi, Alsharari Rayan Saud S, Hadi A Hakami, Ahmed Y Almindil, Ahmed W Turkistani, Alhussein B Alsultan, Hassan A Ajimi, Anas E Ahmed.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan region and identify associated sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 adults residing in the Jazan region. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).
Results:
The prevalence of shoulder pain was 66.1% (388/587). Participants with shoulder pain were significantly older and had higher BMI values than those without pain (both p-value<0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, age (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08, p-value<0.001) and female gender (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.03–2.36, p-value=0.036) were independent predictors of shoulder pain. Among pain-positive participants, the median SPADI total score was 32.1, with 38.1% classified as having minimal disability and 42.0% experiencing at least moderate disability. Higher SPADI scores were independently associated with older age (B = 0.67, p-value< 0.001), rural residence (B = 6.77, p-value<0.001), history of shoulder injury (B = 10.91, p-value<0.001), repetitive overhead movements (B = 6.06, p-value=0.007), and healthcare-diagnosed shoulder conditions (B = 14.06, p-value<0.001).
Conclusion:
Shoulder pain was highly prevalent among adults in the Jazan region and was associated with substantial disability in a significant proportion of affected individuals. Targeted prevention programs, ergonomic interventions, and early clinical management are needed to reduce the burden of shoulder disorders and improve functional outcomes.

Key words: Shoulder pain, SPADI, disability, musculoskeletal disorders, prevalence, risk factors, Saudi Arabia, Jazan


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Madkhali NA, Alshamrani NM, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Jathmi SM, Moafa AK, Altherwi MB, Alrajhi YA, S ARS, Hakami HA, Almindil AY, Turkistani AW, Alsultan AB, Ajimi HA, Ahmed AE. Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317

Web Style

Madkhali NA, Alshamrani NM, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Jathmi SM, Moafa AK, Altherwi MB, Alrajhi YA, S ARS, Hakami HA, Almindil AY, Turkistani AW, Alsultan AB, Ajimi HA, Ahmed AE. Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=324556 [Access: August 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Madkhali NA, Alshamrani NM, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Jathmi SM, Moafa AK, Altherwi MB, Alrajhi YA, S ARS, Hakami HA, Almindil AY, Turkistani AW, Alsultan AB, Ajimi HA, Ahmed AE. Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Madkhali NA, Alshamrani NM, Ghasham MH, Aljezani TI, Jathmi SM, Moafa AK, Altherwi MB, Alrajhi YA, S ARS, Hakami HA, Almindil AY, Turkistani AW, Alsultan AB, Ajimi HA, Ahmed AE. Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, [cited August 16, 2026]; Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


Harvard Style

Madkhali, N. A., Alshamrani, . N. M., Ghasham, . M. H., Aljezani, . T. I., Jathmi, . S. M., Moafa, . A. K., Altherwi, . M. B., Alrajhi, . Y. A., S, . A. R. S., Hakami, . H. A., Almindil, . A. Y., Turkistani, . A. W., Alsultan, . A. B., Ajimi, . H. A. & Ahmed, . A. E. (2026) Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


Turabian Style

Madkhali, Nabeel A, Naif M Alshamrani, Mohammed H Ghasham, Turki I Aljezani, Salman M Jathmi, Ahmed K Moafa, Mohammed B Altherwi, Yazeed A Alrajhi, Alsharari Rayan Saud S, Hadi A Hakami, Ahmed Y Almindil, Ahmed W Turkistani, Alhussein B Alsultan, Hassan A Ajimi, and Anas E Ahmed. 2026. Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


Chicago Style

Madkhali, Nabeel A, Naif M Alshamrani, Mohammed H Ghasham, Turki I Aljezani, Salman M Jathmi, Ahmed K Moafa, Mohammed B Altherwi, Yazeed A Alrajhi, Alsharari Rayan Saud S, Hadi A Hakami, Ahmed Y Almindil, Ahmed W Turkistani, Alhussein B Alsultan, Hassan A Ajimi, and Anas E Ahmed. "Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Madkhali, Nabeel A, Naif M Alshamrani, Mohammed H Ghasham, Turki I Aljezani, Salman M Jathmi, Ahmed K Moafa, Mohammed B Altherwi, Yazeed A Alrajhi, Alsharari Rayan Saud S, Hadi A Hakami, Ahmed Y Almindil, Ahmed W Turkistani, Alhussein B Alsultan, Hassan A Ajimi, and Anas E Ahmed. "Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. Web. 16 Aug 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Madkhali, N. A., Alshamrani, . N. M., Ghasham, . M. H., Aljezani, . T. I., Jathmi, . S. M., Moafa, . A. K., Altherwi, . M. B., Alrajhi, . Y. A., S, . A. R. S., Hakami, . H. A., Almindil, . A. Y., Turkistani, . A. W., Alsultan, . A. B., Ajimi, . H. A. & Ahmed, . A. E. (2026) Prevalence of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability among adults in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 16 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1781569317




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