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Original Article
Online Published: 30 Aug 2026
 


Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study

Yousef Abdullah Rahmatullah, Abdulkarim Abdulsalam Alrehaili, Tariq Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahad Khalaf Alharbi, Saleh Aqeel Albalawi, Bader Abdulmohsen Alahmadi, Ahmad Sayed Metwally.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the adult population of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and to assess the relationship between modifiable health behaviors, and the risk of developing T2DM.
Methods:
This was a descriptive, observational cross-sectional study that investigated 401 adult participants to assess the relationship between lifestyle behavior and likelihood of developing T2DM in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online survey using Google Forms.
Results:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the participants was 26.2%. The commonly reported physical exercises were walking (248, 87.0%) and running (81, 28.4%). Multivariate results found smoking [AOR=5.31; 95% CI= 2.351– 11.996; p<0.001], age [AOR=3.33; 95% CI= 2.408– 4.613; p<0.001], BMI [AOR=2.75; 95% CI= 1.799– 4.192; p<0.001] and physical inactivity [AOR=1.80; 95% CI=1.292– 2.503; p p<0.001] were significant predictors of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion:
The study identified smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and advancing age as significant risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study highlighted the need for healthy lifestyle choices including regular physical exercise, proper dietary habits and smoking cessation for prevention of diabetes and improved health outcomes.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, healthful behaviors, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rahmatullah YA, Alrehaili AA, Alharbi TA, Alharbi FK, Albalawi SA, Alahmadi BA, Metwally AS. Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992

Web Style

Rahmatullah YA, Alrehaili AA, Alharbi TA, Alharbi FK, Albalawi SA, Alahmadi BA, Metwally AS. Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=328396 [Access: August 31, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rahmatullah YA, Alrehaili AA, Alharbi TA, Alharbi FK, Albalawi SA, Alahmadi BA, Metwally AS. Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rahmatullah YA, Alrehaili AA, Alharbi TA, Alharbi FK, Albalawi SA, Alahmadi BA, Metwally AS. Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, [cited August 31, 2026]; Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


Harvard Style

Rahmatullah, Y. A., Alrehaili, . A. A., Alharbi, . T. A., Alharbi, . F. K., Albalawi, . S. A., Alahmadi, . B. A. & Metwally, . A. S. (2026) Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


Turabian Style

Rahmatullah, Yousef Abdullah, Abdulkarim Abdulsalam Alrehaili, Tariq Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahad Khalaf Alharbi, Saleh Aqeel Albalawi, Bader Abdulmohsen Alahmadi, and Ahmad Sayed Metwally. 2026. Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


Chicago Style

Rahmatullah, Yousef Abdullah, Abdulkarim Abdulsalam Alrehaili, Tariq Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahad Khalaf Alharbi, Saleh Aqeel Albalawi, Bader Abdulmohsen Alahmadi, and Ahmad Sayed Metwally. "Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rahmatullah, Yousef Abdullah, Abdulkarim Abdulsalam Alrehaili, Tariq Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahad Khalaf Alharbi, Saleh Aqeel Albalawi, Bader Abdulmohsen Alahmadi, and Ahmad Sayed Metwally. "Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. Web. 31 Aug 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rahmatullah, Y. A., Alrehaili, . A. A., Alharbi, . T. A., Alharbi, . F. K., Albalawi, . S. A., Alahmadi, . B. A. & Metwally, . A. S. (2026) Relationship between healthful behaviors and likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Madina Region: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 30 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1784553992




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