Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education

Qusai W Baeisa; Abdulaziz T Yassin; Omar A Alamin; Rana Z Flimban; Obai A Yamani; Munad M Elbalaawi; Mohammad A Zahra; Nour A Zahra; Mohammed T Yassin; Mohammad Othman

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

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Review Article
Online Published: 03 Dec 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2870-2874

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education

Qusai W Baeisa, Abdulaziz T Yassin, Omar A Alamin, Rana Z Flimban, Obai A Yamani, Munad M Elbalaawi, Mohammad A Zahra, Nour A Zahra, Mohammed T Yassin, Mohammad Othman.

Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecologic condition in adolescents, often caused by immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding. In Saudi Arabia, cultural stigma, low menstrual health literacy, and limited healthcare access delay diagnosis and treatment, worsening health outcomes. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the epidemiology, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of AUB in Saudi adolescents, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and patient education. Without applying any date or language restrictions, a search was conducted for all types of articles in the last 10 years that assessed the AUB and its current evidence, with particular care for studies that refer to Saudi Arabia. Physiological anovulation was the predominant cause of AUB in adolescents. In addition, bleeding disorders, endocrine dysfunctions such as PCOS, and rare structural abnormalities also contribute to the AUB pool of causes. Diagnosis requires a thorough history, physical exam, and laboratory tests guided by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommendations. Management includes hormonal therapies, treatment of underlying causes, and addressing anemia. Patient education plays a crucial role in empowering adolescents to recognize abnormal bleeding and seek care, particularly within the Saudi cultural context where stigma exists. Early diagnosis and culturally sensitive education are essential to improve the management and outcomes of AUB in Saudi adolescents. Enhancing multidisciplinary care and public health initiatives can help reduce the burden of AUB and promote reproductive health among young females in Saudi Arabia.

Key words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, adolescents, Saudi Arabia, early diagnosis, patient education

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Pubmed Style

Baeisa QW, Yassin AT, Alamin OA, Flimban RZ, Yamani OA, Elbalaawi MM, Zahra MA, Zahra NA, Yassin MT, Othman M. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Web Style

Baeisa QW, Yassin AT, Alamin OA, Flimban RZ, Yamani OA, Elbalaawi MM, Zahra MA, Zahra NA, Yassin MT, Othman M. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=287625 [Access: June 28, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Baeisa QW, Yassin AT, Alamin OA, Flimban RZ, Yamani OA, Elbalaawi MM, Zahra MA, Zahra NA, Yassin MT, Othman M. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Baeisa QW, Yassin AT, Alamin OA, Flimban RZ, Yamani OA, Elbalaawi MM, Zahra MA, Zahra NA, Yassin MT, Othman M. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. IJMDC. (2025), [cited June 28, 2026]; 9(11): 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Harvard Style

Baeisa, Q. W., Yassin, . A. T., Alamin, . O. A., Flimban, . R. Z., Yamani, . O. A., Elbalaawi, . M. M., Zahra, . M. A., Zahra, . N. A., Yassin, . M. T. & Othman, . M. (2025) Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. IJMDC, 9 (11), 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Turabian Style

Baeisa, Qusai W, Abdulaziz T Yassin, Omar A Alamin, Rana Z Flimban, Obai A Yamani, Munad M Elbalaawi, Mohammad A Zahra, Nour A Zahra, Mohammed T Yassin, and Mohammad Othman. 2025. Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

Chicago Style

Baeisa, Qusai W, Abdulaziz T Yassin, Omar A Alamin, Rana Z Flimban, Obai A Yamani, Munad M Elbalaawi, Mohammad A Zahra, Nour A Zahra, Mohammed T Yassin, and Mohammad Othman. "Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Baeisa, Qusai W, Abdulaziz T Yassin, Omar A Alamin, Rana Z Flimban, Obai A Yamani, Munad M Elbalaawi, Mohammad A Zahra, Nour A Zahra, Mohammed T Yassin, and Mohammad Othman. "Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.11 (2025), 2870-2874. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Baeisa, Q. W., Yassin, . A. T., Alamin, . O. A., Flimban, . R. Z., Yamani, . O. A., Elbalaawi, . M. M., Zahra, . M. A., Zahra, . N. A., Yassin, . M. T. & Othman, . M. (2025) Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the role of early diagnosis and patient education. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2870-2874. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1759292518

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