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Original Article

Online Publishing Date:
05 / 01 / 2024

 


Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Ibrahim S. AL Bahrani, Husain A. AL Mahdi, Qasem M. Aljabr, Sajjad M. AlHaddad, Mohammed S. AL Khalaf, Ali H. AL Olayan, Ola M. AL Eid, Fatimah M. AL Shakhiss, Azhar A. AL Ghafli.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia and identify its associated risk factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, from September, 2022 till June, 2023. The study population consisted of type-2 diabetic patients aged 18 to 65 years who were not previously diagnosed with CKD and who were currently receiving follow-ups at primary healthcare clinics in Al-Ahsa. Data were collected from 33,000 patient records using a randomized sampling technique, resulting in a final sample size of 190 eligible participants. The glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) levels were used to assess the diagnoses and status of DM, and the glomerular filtration rates (GFRs), microalbuminuria, and blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratios were used to diagnose CKD.
Results:
The study included 190 type 2 diabetic patients aged 18 to 65 years. The prevalence of CKD was 41.1%, with 33.2% patients having mild to moderately decreased GFRs. Male patients had a higher prevalence of decreased GFRs compared with females. Obesity, particularly grade II obesity, and hypertension were significantly associated with increased albuminuria. Patients receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin had a higher prevalence of decreased GFRs compared with those on insulin alone.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of CKD among type 2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa was high, and CKD was found to be associated with several risk factors. Healthcare providers should prioritize routine CKD screenings for type 2 diabetic patients, particularly for those with additional risk factors.

Key words: Outpatient family medicine, Saudi Arabia, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), diabetes type 2, chronic kidney disease (CKD)


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Bahrani ISA, Mahdi HAA, Aljabr QM, AlHaddad SM, Khalaf MSA, Olayan AHA, Eid OMA, Shakhiss FMA, Ghafli AAA. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545

Web Style

Bahrani ISA, Mahdi HAA, Aljabr QM, AlHaddad SM, Khalaf MSA, Olayan AHA, Eid OMA, Shakhiss FMA, Ghafli AAA. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=181637 [Access: May 13, 2024]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Bahrani ISA, Mahdi HAA, Aljabr QM, AlHaddad SM, Khalaf MSA, Olayan AHA, Eid OMA, Shakhiss FMA, Ghafli AAA. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2024; 8(2): 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Bahrani ISA, Mahdi HAA, Aljabr QM, AlHaddad SM, Khalaf MSA, Olayan AHA, Eid OMA, Shakhiss FMA, Ghafli AAA. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2024), [cited May 13, 2024]; 8(2): 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


Harvard Style

Bahrani, I. S. A., Mahdi, . H. A. A., Aljabr, . Q. M., AlHaddad, . S. M., Khalaf, . M. S. A., Olayan, . A. H. A., Eid, . O. M. A., Shakhiss, . F. M. A. & Ghafli, . A. A. A. (2024) Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 8 (2), 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


Turabian Style

Bahrani, Ibrahim S. AL, Husain A. AL Mahdi, Qasem M. Aljabr, Sajjad M. AlHaddad, Mohammed S. AL Khalaf, Ali H. AL Olayan, Ola M. AL Eid, Fatimah M. AL Shakhiss, and Azhar A. AL Ghafli. 2024. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


Chicago Style

Bahrani, Ibrahim S. AL, Husain A. AL Mahdi, Qasem M. Aljabr, Sajjad M. AlHaddad, Mohammed S. AL Khalaf, Ali H. AL Olayan, Ola M. AL Eid, Fatimah M. AL Shakhiss, and Azhar A. AL Ghafli. "Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8 (2024), 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Bahrani, Ibrahim S. AL, Husain A. AL Mahdi, Qasem M. Aljabr, Sajjad M. AlHaddad, Mohammed S. AL Khalaf, Ali H. AL Olayan, Ola M. AL Eid, Fatimah M. AL Shakhiss, and Azhar A. AL Ghafli. "Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 8.2 (2024), 660-665. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Bahrani, I. S. A., Mahdi, . H. A. A., Aljabr, . Q. M., AlHaddad, . S. M., Khalaf, . M. S. A., Olayan, . A. H. A., Eid, . O. M. A., Shakhiss, . F. M. A. & Ghafli, . A. A. A. (2024) Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 8 (2), 660-665. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1702817545




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