The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review

Tuqa Rashed Alyahyawi; Shrooq Saleh Alothaim; Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid; Abdullah Marji Alresheedi; Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi; Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil; Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna; Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi; Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl; Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

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Online Published: 25 Dec 2024

IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 154-161

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review

Tuqa Rashed Alyahyawi, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid, Abdullah Marji Alresheedi, Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna, Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi, Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid.

Abstract
The incidence of obesity worldwide and in Saudi Arabia is alarming and represents a serious health risk. As a known risk factor for hypertension, obesity has serious consequences for morbidity and death. The purpose of this systematic review was to compile data about the prevalence, demographic trends, and related comorbidities of obesity in hypertensive patients receiving primary care in Saudi Arabia. This review focused on papers published between the years 2013 and 2024 searched from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies on hypertension patients in Saudi Arabia that documented the prevalence of obesity, related demographic characteristics, and comorbidities were eligible, and narrative techniques were used to extract and synthesize the data. Six studies with between 232 and 10,293 individuals were included in the review. The percentage of hypertension patients who were obese varied from 37.9% to 63.6%, with females consistently reporting greater rates. Hypertension (p < 0.01), diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and other chronic illnesses, including thyroid problems and sleep apnea, were all highly linked to obesity. There were clear gender and geographical differences, with women and people in particular areas having greater rates of obesity. Overall, obesity among hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia remains a critical public health concern, with significant gender disparities and associations with chronic comorbidities. Targeted interventions focusing on gender-specific strategies and region-specific lifestyle factors are needed. Further research should explore behavioral and psychosocial drivers and assess the long-term effectiveness of public health initiatives in reducing obesity prevalence.

Key words: Obesity, hypertension, chronic comorbidities, Saudi Arabia, systemic review.

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Pubmed Style

Alyahyawi TR, Alothaim SS, Alfehaid RSM, Alresheedi AM, Alrajhi KA, Almujaydil AAM, Almuhanna MM, Alabboudi NM, Almojedl YAM, Alhomaid TA. The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

Web Style

Alyahyawi TR, Alothaim SS, Alfehaid RSM, Alresheedi AM, Alrajhi KA, Almujaydil AAM, Almuhanna MM, Alabboudi NM, Almojedl YAM, Alhomaid TA. The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=231455 [Access: March 17, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alyahyawi TR, Alothaim SS, Alfehaid RSM, Alresheedi AM, Alrajhi KA, Almujaydil AAM, Almuhanna MM, Alabboudi NM, Almojedl YAM, Alhomaid TA. The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. IJMDC. 2025; 9(1): 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alyahyawi TR, Alothaim SS, Alfehaid RSM, Alresheedi AM, Alrajhi KA, Almujaydil AAM, Almuhanna MM, Alabboudi NM, Almojedl YAM, Alhomaid TA. The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. IJMDC. (2025), [cited March 17, 2025]; 9(1): 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

Harvard Style

Alyahyawi, T. R., Alothaim, . S. S., Alfehaid, . R. S. M., Alresheedi, . A. M., Alrajhi, . K. A., Almujaydil, . A. A. M., Almuhanna, . M. M., Alabboudi, . N. M., Almojedl, . Y. A. M. & Alhomaid, . T. A. (2025) The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. IJMDC, 9 (1), 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

Turabian Style

Alyahyawi, Tuqa Rashed, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid, Abdullah Marji Alresheedi, Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna, Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi, Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl, and Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid. 2025. The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (1), 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

Chicago Style

Alyahyawi, Tuqa Rashed, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid, Abdullah Marji Alresheedi, Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna, Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi, Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl, and Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid. "The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alyahyawi, Tuqa Rashed, Shrooq Saleh Alothaim, Rashed Saleh M. Alfehaid, Abdullah Marji Alresheedi, Khadijah Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Abdulaziz Abdullah M. Almujaydil, Mousa Mutlaq Almuhanna, Nasser Mohammad Alabboudi, Yousif Abdullah M. Almojedl, and Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid. "The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.1 (2025), 154-161. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alyahyawi, T. R., Alothaim, . S. S., Alfehaid, . R. S. M., Alresheedi, . A. M., Alrajhi, . K. A., Almujaydil, . A. A. M., Almuhanna, . M. M., Alabboudi, . N. M., Almojedl, . Y. A. M. & Alhomaid, . T. A. (2025) The obesity, associated factors and comorbidities among patients with hypertension in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia: systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (1), 154-161. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1733235598

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