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2025, Vol: 9, Issue: 9
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Original Article
Online Published: 03 Sep 2025
 


Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia

Yasir Katib, Fatima Alhajaji, Mariah Almehmadi, Weaam Alharbi, Rawan Azooni, Seba Mathar, Raghad Alqthmi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia and its associated factors to ensure timely intervention, promote maternal well-being, and support safe pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to pregnant women via social media.
Results: This study assessed DV during pregnancy among 801 Saudi women, with 108 (13.5%) reporting abuse. Most participants were aged 31-45 years (291, 36.3%) and held a bachelor’s degree (550, 68.7%). The abuse included psychological (96, 88.9%), physical (slapping: 56, 51.9% and pushing: 55, 50.9%), and sexual (56, 51.9%) forms. The key factors associated with the violence included marital status (p < 0.001), antenatal care attendance (p = 0.012), and husband’s employment (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis also showed the same significant risk predictors with divorced status (OR = 3.325, p < 0.001), lack of antenatal visits (OR = 0.545, p-value = 0.008), and multiparity (OR = 1.485, p-value = 0.026), which increased the risk of DV in pregnancy.
Conclusion: This study highlighted a concerning prevalence of DV during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia, with key risk factors including divorce, lack of antenatal care, and multiparity. Targeted screening and supportive interventions are essential to protect maternal health and well-being.

Key words: Prevalence, factors, domestic violence, pregnant women, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Katib Y, Alhajaji F, Almehmadi M, Alharbi W, Azooni R, Mathar S, Alqthmi R. Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(7): 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771

Web Style

Katib Y, Alhajaji F, Almehmadi M, Alharbi W, Azooni R, Mathar S, Alqthmi R. Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=270478 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Katib Y, Alhajaji F, Almehmadi M, Alharbi W, Azooni R, Mathar S, Alqthmi R. Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(7): 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Katib Y, Alhajaji F, Almehmadi M, Alharbi W, Azooni R, Mathar S, Alqthmi R. Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2025), [cited October 14, 2025]; 9(7): 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


Harvard Style

Katib, Y., Alhajaji, . F., Almehmadi, . M., Alharbi, . W., Azooni, . R., Mathar, . S. & Alqthmi, . R. (2025) Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 9 (7), 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


Turabian Style

Katib, Yasir, Fatima Alhajaji, Mariah Almehmadi, Weaam Alharbi, Rawan Azooni, Seba Mathar, and Raghad Alqthmi. 2025. Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (7), 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


Chicago Style

Katib, Yasir, Fatima Alhajaji, Mariah Almehmadi, Weaam Alharbi, Rawan Azooni, Seba Mathar, and Raghad Alqthmi. "Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Katib, Yasir, Fatima Alhajaji, Mariah Almehmadi, Weaam Alharbi, Rawan Azooni, Seba Mathar, and Raghad Alqthmi. "Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.7 (2025), 1593-1601. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Katib, Y., Alhajaji, . F., Almehmadi, . M., Alharbi, . W., Azooni, . R., Mathar, . S. & Alqthmi, . R. (2025) Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (7), 1593-1601. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1752260771




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