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Original Article
Online Published: 21 Dec 2025
 


Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Rayan A. Alharthi, Elaf A. Halawani, Mona T. Faqih, Faisal F. Almuqati, Jameel A. Batobara, Bader F. Alshamlan, Joudi Sulaiman Aloufi, Nahla H. Hariri.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among diabetic patients regarding the surgical risks associated with diabetes among residents of Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April 21 and May 31, 2025, involving 369 adult residents of Makkah. The questionnaire evaluated participants’ awareness of diabetic complications and related surgical risks.
Results: Of the 369 participants, 110 (29.8%) were diabetic. Among the diabetic participants, 59.1% were female, 62.7% were aged 31 to 60 years, and 76.4% were Saudi nationals. Awareness levels varied by complication; the highest awareness was related to foot complications, while the lowest pertained to stroke-related issues. Although 84.5% of diabetic participants had heard of surgical risks, most had limited knowledge about specific complications, particularly delayed wound healing, infections, and stroke. Higher awareness was associated with type 1 diabetes (β = 20.4, p-value=0.022), whereas non-Saudi nationality correlated with lower awareness (β = –12.7, p-value=0.048).
Conclusion: While there was general awareness of the surgical risks related to diabetes, detailed knowledge remains inadequate. Targeted educational strategies are needed to enhance community understanding and improve surgical outcomes for diabetic patients.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, surgical risks, public awareness, diabetic complications, Makkah.


 
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Pubmed Style

Alharthi RA, Halawani EA, Faqih MT, Almuqati FF, Batobara JA, Alshamlan BF, Aloufi JS, Hariri NH. Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192

Web Style

Alharthi RA, Halawani EA, Faqih MT, Almuqati FF, Batobara JA, Alshamlan BF, Aloufi JS, Hariri NH. Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=278438 [Access: January 16, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alharthi RA, Halawani EA, Faqih MT, Almuqati FF, Batobara JA, Alshamlan BF, Aloufi JS, Hariri NH. Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alharthi RA, Halawani EA, Faqih MT, Almuqati FF, Batobara JA, Alshamlan BF, Aloufi JS, Hariri NH. Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2025), [cited January 16, 2026]; 9(12): 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


Harvard Style

Alharthi, R. A., Halawani, . E. A., Faqih, . M. T., Almuqati, . F. F., Batobara, . J. A., Alshamlan, . B. F., Aloufi, . J. S. & Hariri, . N. H. (2025) Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 9 (12), 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


Turabian Style

Alharthi, Rayan A., Elaf A. Halawani, Mona T. Faqih, Faisal F. Almuqati, Jameel A. Batobara, Bader F. Alshamlan, Joudi Sulaiman Aloufi, and Nahla H. Hariri. 2025. Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


Chicago Style

Alharthi, Rayan A., Elaf A. Halawani, Mona T. Faqih, Faisal F. Almuqati, Jameel A. Batobara, Bader F. Alshamlan, Joudi Sulaiman Aloufi, and Nahla H. Hariri. "Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alharthi, Rayan A., Elaf A. Halawani, Mona T. Faqih, Faisal F. Almuqati, Jameel A. Batobara, Bader F. Alshamlan, Joudi Sulaiman Aloufi, and Nahla H. Hariri. "Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.12 (2025), 3036-3046. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alharthi, R. A., Halawani, . E. A., Faqih, . M. T., Almuqati, . F. F., Batobara, . J. A., Alshamlan, . B. F., Aloufi, . J. S. & Hariri, . N. H. (2025) Public awareness of surgical risks associated with diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (12), 3036-3046. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755626192




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