The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Albagir Mahdi Ahmed Hassan; Bassam Essam Samkari; Mohammad Hamza Basyouni; Jamal Ahmed Sabban; Hassan Essam Samkari; Hanin Adeeb Hakami; Ghadh Moheedin Alshareef; Tasneem Majed Alalawiyat; Rahma Mohammed Alfaraj; Anmar Abdullah Hussain Bijar; Khalid A. Alzahrani; Ahmed Khalid Alharbi; Rafif Hasan Al Salem; Bashar Mansour Bukhari

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

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Original Article
Online Published: 12 Dec 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2746-2754

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Albagir Mahdi Ahmed Hassan, Bassam Essam Samkari, Mohammad Hamza Basyouni, Jamal Ahmed Sabban, Hassan Essam Samkari, Hanin Adeeb Hakami, Ghadh Moheedin Alshareef, Tasneem Majed Alalawiyat, Rahma Mohammed Alfaraj, Anmar Abdullah Hussain Bijar, Khalid A. Alzahrani, Ahmed Khalid Alharbi, Rafif Hasan Al Salem, Bashar Mansour Bukhari.

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prenatal class attendance on pain management ability, mode of delivery, and duration of labor among women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 298 women who delivered in hospitals and maternity centers across Makkah within the previous 6 months. Participants were divided equally into two groups: those who attended prenatal classes (n = 149) and those who did not (n = 149). Data were collected using medical record reviews and structured interviews.
Results: Among women who attended prenatal classes, 93.3% delivered vaginally compared with 83.9% among non-attendees (χ²(1) = 6.02, p-value = 0.014). Prenatal class attendance significantly reduced the odds of cesarean delivery (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.90, p-value = 0.032) and was associated with higher pain-management ability (mean score = 6.9 ± 0.9, p-value = 0.017). Conversely, longer labor duration Odds Ratio (OR = 1.08, p-value = 0.005) and pregnancy complications (OR = 2.17, p-value = 0.020) increased the likelihood of cesarean section (CS). Overall, 91.3% of participants believed the classes positively influenced their childbirth experience, and 96% recommended them to others.
Conclusion: Prenatal education significantly improves maternal pain-coping ability and reduces CS rates among women in Makkah. The findings underscore the importance of integrating standardized, culturally adapted childbirth education programs into routine antenatal care across Saudi Arabia to promote safer, more positive birthing experiences.

Key words: Prenatal education, cesarean section, pain management, labor duration, maternal outcomes, Saudi Arabia.

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Pubmed Style

Hassan AMA, Samkari BE, Basyouni MH, Sabban JA, Samkari HE, Hakami HA, Alshareef GM, Alalawiyat TM, Alfaraj RM, Bijar AAH, Alzahrani KA, Alharbi AK, Salem RHA, Bukhari BM. The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

Web Style

Hassan AMA, Samkari BE, Basyouni MH, Sabban JA, Samkari HE, Hakami HA, Alshareef GM, Alalawiyat TM, Alfaraj RM, Bijar AAH, Alzahrani KA, Alharbi AK, Salem RHA, Bukhari BM. The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=292518 [Access: June 22, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan AMA, Samkari BE, Basyouni MH, Sabban JA, Samkari HE, Hakami HA, Alshareef GM, Alalawiyat TM, Alfaraj RM, Bijar AAH, Alzahrani KA, Alharbi AK, Salem RHA, Bukhari BM. The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2025; 9(11): 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan AMA, Samkari BE, Basyouni MH, Sabban JA, Samkari HE, Hakami HA, Alshareef GM, Alalawiyat TM, Alfaraj RM, Bijar AAH, Alzahrani KA, Alharbi AK, Salem RHA, Bukhari BM. The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2025), [cited June 22, 2026]; 9(11): 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

Harvard Style

Hassan, A. M. A., Samkari, . B. E., Basyouni, . M. H., Sabban, . J. A., Samkari, . H. E., Hakami, . H. A., Alshareef, . G. M., Alalawiyat, . T. M., Alfaraj, . R. M., Bijar, . A. A. H., Alzahrani, . K. A., Alharbi, . A. K., Salem, . R. H. A. & Bukhari, . B. M. (2025) The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 9 (11), 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

Turabian Style

Hassan, Albagir Mahdi Ahmed, Bassam Essam Samkari, Mohammad Hamza Basyouni, Jamal Ahmed Sabban, Hassan Essam Samkari, Hanin Adeeb Hakami, Ghadh Moheedin Alshareef, Tasneem Majed Alalawiyat, Rahma Mohammed Alfaraj, Anmar Abdullah Hussain Bijar, Khalid A. Alzahrani, Ahmed Khalid Alharbi, Rafif Hasan Al Salem, and Bashar Mansour Bukhari. 2025. The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

Chicago Style

Hassan, Albagir Mahdi Ahmed, Bassam Essam Samkari, Mohammad Hamza Basyouni, Jamal Ahmed Sabban, Hassan Essam Samkari, Hanin Adeeb Hakami, Ghadh Moheedin Alshareef, Tasneem Majed Alalawiyat, Rahma Mohammed Alfaraj, Anmar Abdullah Hussain Bijar, Khalid A. Alzahrani, Ahmed Khalid Alharbi, Rafif Hasan Al Salem, and Bashar Mansour Bukhari. "The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9 (2025), 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Albagir Mahdi Ahmed, Bassam Essam Samkari, Mohammad Hamza Basyouni, Jamal Ahmed Sabban, Hassan Essam Samkari, Hanin Adeeb Hakami, Ghadh Moheedin Alshareef, Tasneem Majed Alalawiyat, Rahma Mohammed Alfaraj, Anmar Abdullah Hussain Bijar, Khalid A. Alzahrani, Ahmed Khalid Alharbi, Rafif Hasan Al Salem, and Bashar Mansour Bukhari. "The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 9.11 (2025), 2746-2754. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, A. M. A., Samkari, . B. E., Basyouni, . M. H., Sabban, . J. A., Samkari, . H. E., Hakami, . H. A., Alshareef, . G. M., Alalawiyat, . T. M., Alfaraj, . R. M., Bijar, . A. A. H., Alzahrani, . K. A., Alharbi, . A. K., Salem, . R. H. A. & Bukhari, . B. M. (2025) The impact of prenatal classes on pain management, cesarean section rates, and duration of labor in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 9 (11), 2746-2754. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1761343260

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