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Review Article
Online Published: 25 Jan 2026
 


Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review

Muath Badr Alawad, Ahmed Sulaiman Alasqah, Lamees Abdulaziz Algubllan, Razan Jadid Alanazi, Salman Khaled Almutairi, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsuhaibani.


Abstract
The emergency department (ED) is an acute care facility that provides immediate medical help. The presentation of non-urgent patients increases the frequency of patients who need urgent care, beyond the department's ability to deliver care, leading to overcrowding of the ED. Overcrowding in ED leads to several consequences; therefore, triage systems (TSs) have been established to identify and prioritize cases with urgent conditions to receive suitable care. Nonetheless, there is no focus on literature on the effect of such systems on ED overcrowding. Hence, this review aimed to identify the effectiveness of rapid triage systems (RTSs) on ED crowding and other outcomes by reviewing the prior studies concerned with this subject. An exploration procedure through electronic scientific databases was adopted to obtain relevant articles by using related terms. The eligible articles were those focusing on RTSs, published after the year 2010, that compared at least two systems, available for full-text of original design, and written in the English language. Eight studies were in line with the selected criteria and were enrolled with a total of 727,923 patients. There were eight RTSs included. RTSs improved the mortality rate and reduced the adverse outcomes of the patients. Also, they reduced waiting times and length of stay, which might lead to a reduction in overcrowding of the ED.

Key words: Emergency department, overcrowding, rapid triage systems, outcomes, systematic review.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alawad MB, Alasqah AS, Algubllan LA, Alanazi RJ, Almutairi SK, Alsuhaibani AA. Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673

Web Style

Alawad MB, Alasqah AS, Algubllan LA, Alanazi RJ, Almutairi SK, Alsuhaibani AA. Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=299680 [Access: June 22, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alawad MB, Alasqah AS, Algubllan LA, Alanazi RJ, Almutairi SK, Alsuhaibani AA. Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. IJMDC. Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alawad MB, Alasqah AS, Algubllan LA, Alanazi RJ, Almutairi SK, Alsuhaibani AA. Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. IJMDC, [cited June 22, 2026]; Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


Harvard Style

Alawad, M. B., Alasqah, . A. S., Algubllan, . L. A., Alanazi, . R. J., Almutairi, . S. K. & Alsuhaibani, . A. A. (2025) Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. IJMDC, Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


Turabian Style

Alawad, Muath Badr, Ahmed Sulaiman Alasqah, Lamees Abdulaziz Algubllan, Razan Jadid Alanazi, Salman Khaled Almutairi, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsuhaibani. 2025. Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


Chicago Style

Alawad, Muath Badr, Ahmed Sulaiman Alasqah, Lamees Abdulaziz Algubllan, Razan Jadid Alanazi, Salman Khaled Almutairi, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsuhaibani. "Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alawad, Muath Badr, Ahmed Sulaiman Alasqah, Lamees Abdulaziz Algubllan, Razan Jadid Alanazi, Salman Khaled Almutairi, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsuhaibani. "Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. Web. 22 Jun 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alawad, M. B., Alasqah, . A. S., Algubllan, . L. A., Alanazi, . R. J., Almutairi, . S. K. & Alsuhaibani, . A. A. (2025) Effectiveness of rapid triage systems on emergency department crowding and outcomes: a systematic review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 25 Jan, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764190673




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