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Original Article
Online Published: 26 Jan 2026
 


Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia

Shahad Mohammed Alshehri, Layan Mohammed Alshehri, Maram Ibrahim Albassami, Danah Mohana Almohana, Meshal Mohammed Alqahtani, Jood Essam Alzohari, Bushra Mohammed Alsaiari, Riad Azzam Kouzeiha, Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi, Ahmed Hirab Almutairi.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) symptoms and the reported symptoms in parents of diabetic and non-diabetic children in different parts of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 499 parents and legal guardians of young children (0-18 years) of the five major regions of Saudi Arabia.
Results: A total of 499 parents participated. Overall, 79.8% demonstrated poor awareness of DKA symptoms. Parents of diabetic children showed significantly better knowledge than those of non-diabetic children (p < 0.001), with firsthand experience and healthcare education being key predictors. Commonly recognized symptoms included frequent urination and excessive thirst, while awareness of DKA severity and complications remained limited. Younger age and having a child with type 1 diabetes were associated with higher awareness. Most parents expressed a strong interest in further DKA education.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated limited knowledge of DKA symptoms among the parents of both diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. Families with diabetic children had stronger knowledge, emphasizing the influence of firsthand experience and health education. Educational programs are strongly needed nationwide to help improve parental awareness of DKA, aimed specifically at non-diabetic populations and those in under-identified areas.

Key words: Diabetic ketoacidosis, parental awareness, children, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alshehri SM, Alshehri LM, Albassami MI, Almohana DM, Alqahtani MM, Alzohari JE, Alsaiari BM, Kouzeiha RA, Aldalbahi AA, Almutairi AH. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(2): 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945

Web Style

Alshehri SM, Alshehri LM, Albassami MI, Almohana DM, Alqahtani MM, Alzohari JE, Alsaiari BM, Kouzeiha RA, Aldalbahi AA, Almutairi AH. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=300777 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alshehri SM, Alshehri LM, Albassami MI, Almohana DM, Alqahtani MM, Alzohari JE, Alsaiari BM, Kouzeiha RA, Aldalbahi AA, Almutairi AH. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2026; 10(2): 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alshehri SM, Alshehri LM, Albassami MI, Almohana DM, Alqahtani MM, Alzohari JE, Alsaiari BM, Kouzeiha RA, Aldalbahi AA, Almutairi AH. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. (2026), [cited June 27, 2026]; 10(2): 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


Harvard Style

Alshehri, S. M., Alshehri, . L. M., Albassami, . M. I., Almohana, . D. M., Alqahtani, . M. M., Alzohari, . J. E., Alsaiari, . B. M., Kouzeiha, . R. A., Aldalbahi, . A. A. & Almutairi, . A. H. (2026) Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, 10 (2), 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


Turabian Style

Alshehri, Shahad Mohammed, Layan Mohammed Alshehri, Maram Ibrahim Albassami, Danah Mohana Almohana, Meshal Mohammed Alqahtani, Jood Essam Alzohari, Bushra Mohammed Alsaiari, Riad Azzam Kouzeiha, Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi, and Ahmed Hirab Almutairi. 2026. Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (2), 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


Chicago Style

Alshehri, Shahad Mohammed, Layan Mohammed Alshehri, Maram Ibrahim Albassami, Danah Mohana Almohana, Meshal Mohammed Alqahtani, Jood Essam Alzohari, Bushra Mohammed Alsaiari, Riad Azzam Kouzeiha, Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi, and Ahmed Hirab Almutairi. "Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alshehri, Shahad Mohammed, Layan Mohammed Alshehri, Maram Ibrahim Albassami, Danah Mohana Almohana, Meshal Mohammed Alqahtani, Jood Essam Alzohari, Bushra Mohammed Alsaiari, Riad Azzam Kouzeiha, Ahad Abdullah Aldalbahi, and Ahmed Hirab Almutairi. "Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.2 (2026), 631-638. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alshehri, S. M., Alshehri, . L. M., Albassami, . M. I., Almohana, . D. M., Alqahtani, . M. M., Alzohari, . J. E., Alsaiari, . B. M., Kouzeiha, . R. A., Aldalbahi, . A. A. & Almutairi, . A. H. (2026) Parental awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic children in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (2), 631-638. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1764646945




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