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Original Article
Online Published: 13 Jan 2026
 


Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study

Heba El-sayed Mostafa, Raghad Hussain Aljohani, Nour Yasser Hamido, Alshaymaa Khalid Safarji, Ghaida Salem Albalawi, Sara Salama Albalwi, Wedyan Salem Aljohani, Raghad Omar Alsehaimi, Nouf Nayef Alhajooj.


Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the most common health conditions among pilgrims visiting Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, seeking medical care during the Hajj and Umrah seasons in 2024, and to examine their prevalence, severity, and associated variables.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City in Al-Madinah. Medical records were reviewed on 386 pilgrims who sought medical care. Demographic and pre-existing conditions, chief complaints, vital signs, discharge diagnoses, and outcomes data were analyzed.
Results: Among 386 patients (mean age 47.69 ± 20.12 years), 77.7% were male, and 58% were above 40 years of age. The prevalence of pre-existing conditions was 43.5%, primarily diabetes mellitus (23.8%) and high blood pressure (23.6%). The chief complaints were pain (34.7%), nausea/vomiting (13.7%), and trauma (12.2%). Gastrointestinal diseases were the most frequently reported (16.3%), followed by injury/external causes (13.2%), pulmonary diseases (10.4%), and infectious diseases (9.8%). There were significantly higher rates of cardiovascular (p-value=0.02), pulmonary (p-value=0.022), infectious (p-value=0.006), and tumor-related (p-value=0.033) diagnoses, as well as higher mortality in older pilgrims (>40 years) (4.5% vs 1.2%). Overall mortality was 3.6%, with 58.3% improved and discharged.
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal diseases, injuries, and respiratory conditions dominate healthcare utilization among pilgrims in Al-Madinah. Older age and pre-existing comorbidities significantly increase severe outcomes and mortality. Enhanced pre-travel health screening, targeted preventive measures, and improved chronic disease management are strongly recommended.

Key words: Hajj, Umrah, mass gathering medicine, pilgrim health, gastrointestinal diseases, comorbidities, Saudi Arabia.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mostafa HE, Aljohani RH, Hamido NY, Safarji AK, Albalawi GS, Albalwi SS, Aljohani WS, Alsehaimi RO, Alhajooj NN. Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(1): 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537

Web Style

Mostafa HE, Aljohani RH, Hamido NY, Safarji AK, Albalawi GS, Albalwi SS, Aljohani WS, Alsehaimi RO, Alhajooj NN. Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=301955 [Access: January 25, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mostafa HE, Aljohani RH, Hamido NY, Safarji AK, Albalawi GS, Albalwi SS, Aljohani WS, Alsehaimi RO, Alhajooj NN. Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(1): 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mostafa HE, Aljohani RH, Hamido NY, Safarji AK, Albalawi GS, Albalwi SS, Aljohani WS, Alsehaimi RO, Alhajooj NN. Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2026), [cited January 25, 2026]; 10(1): 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


Harvard Style

Mostafa, H. E., Aljohani, . R. H., Hamido, . N. Y., Safarji, . A. K., Albalawi, . G. S., Albalwi, . S. S., Aljohani, . W. S., Alsehaimi, . R. O. & Alhajooj, . N. N. (2026) Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 10 (1), 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


Turabian Style

Mostafa, Heba El-sayed, Raghad Hussain Aljohani, Nour Yasser Hamido, Alshaymaa Khalid Safarji, Ghaida Salem Albalawi, Sara Salama Albalwi, Wedyan Salem Aljohani, Raghad Omar Alsehaimi, and Nouf Nayef Alhajooj. 2026. Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (1), 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


Chicago Style

Mostafa, Heba El-sayed, Raghad Hussain Aljohani, Nour Yasser Hamido, Alshaymaa Khalid Safarji, Ghaida Salem Albalawi, Sara Salama Albalwi, Wedyan Salem Aljohani, Raghad Omar Alsehaimi, and Nouf Nayef Alhajooj. "Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mostafa, Heba El-sayed, Raghad Hussain Aljohani, Nour Yasser Hamido, Alshaymaa Khalid Safarji, Ghaida Salem Albalawi, Sara Salama Albalwi, Wedyan Salem Aljohani, Raghad Omar Alsehaimi, and Nouf Nayef Alhajooj. "Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.1 (2026), 118-124. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mostafa, H. E., Aljohani, . R. H., Hamido, . N. Y., Safarji, . A. K., Albalawi, . G. S., Albalwi, . S. S., Aljohani, . W. S., Alsehaimi, . R. O. & Alhajooj, . N. N. (2026) Prevalence of health-related disorders during Hajj and Umrah in Al-Madinah: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (1), 118-124. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1765125537




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