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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 7
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Original Article
Online Published: 11 Jul 2026
 


The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Bassam Gasem Sef, Nura Fayez Alharbi, Alhnouf Fahad Alharbi, Shumukh A. Al Malki, Sumaiya Muhammed Ali, Amjad Alduhaish.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to establish the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke in young people after the COVID era.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all young adult patients admitted to the Neurology Department at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) and were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke from January 2021 to December 2022.
Results:
A total of 366 ischemic stroke patients were admitted to the hospital during 2021 and 2022. Among them, 59 patients (16%) were classified as young adults and included in the study. The mean age of young adult patients was 41.08 ± 7.65 years. Most patients were male (76.3%, n = 45), and 71.2% (n = 42) were Saudi nationals. The mean NIHSS score at admission was 9.77 ± 7.14. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.81 ± 14.79 days. The most common types of ischemic stroke were cryptogenic (34 cases, 57.6%). The most prevalent risk factors in the young adult group were overweight (37 cases, 62.7%), followed by hypertension (31 cases, 52.5%), and diabetes mellitus (26 cases, 44%). Regarding acute management among young adults, 20 patients (33.9%) received acute intervention. Overall, 26 patients (44.1%) were discharged without significant neurological deficit.
Conclusion:
It was found that 16% of ischemic strokes occurred in young adults and most of them were men where stroke of undetermined etiology was the most common subtype followed by cardiac embolism, large vessels disease and small vessels disease.

Key words: Young adults, ischemic stroke, incidence, risk factors, outcomes, Makkah, Saudi Arabia


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Sef BG, Alharbi NF, Alharbi AF, Malki SAA, Ali SM, Alduhaish A. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483

Web Style

Sef BG, Alharbi NF, Alharbi AF, Malki SAA, Ali SM, Alduhaish A. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=306282 [Access: July 11, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sef BG, Alharbi NF, Alharbi AF, Malki SAA, Ali SM, Alduhaish A. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sef BG, Alharbi NF, Alharbi AF, Malki SAA, Ali SM, Alduhaish A. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, [cited July 11, 2026]; Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


Harvard Style

Sef, B. G., Alharbi, . N. F., Alharbi, . A. F., Malki, . S. A. A., Ali, . S. M. & Alduhaish, . A. (2026) The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


Turabian Style

Sef, Bassam Gasem, Nura Fayez Alharbi, Alhnouf Fahad Alharbi, Shumukh A. Al Malki, Sumaiya Muhammed Ali, and Amjad Alduhaish. 2026. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


Chicago Style

Sef, Bassam Gasem, Nura Fayez Alharbi, Alhnouf Fahad Alharbi, Shumukh A. Al Malki, Sumaiya Muhammed Ali, and Amjad Alduhaish. "The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sef, Bassam Gasem, Nura Fayez Alharbi, Alhnouf Fahad Alharbi, Shumukh A. Al Malki, Sumaiya Muhammed Ali, and Amjad Alduhaish. "The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. Web. 11 Jul 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sef, B. G., Alharbi, . N. F., Alharbi, . A. F., Malki, . S. A. A., Ali, . S. M. & Alduhaish, . A. (2026) The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic stroke in young adults in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 11 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768024483




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