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2026, Vol: 10, Issue: 6
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Original Article
Online Published: 22 Jan 2026
 


Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study

Bandar Almutairi, Abdulmalik Aldawsari, Sulaiman Almarshoud, Ghada Alharbi, Jana Alnassar, Rawan Altowayan, Raed Alanazi, Jolan Alsaud.


Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common and potentially serious clinical presentation resulting from disruption of mucosal integrity or vascular structures. It is classified into upper and lower GI bleeding, both of which contribute significantly to emergency department visits worldwide. This study aimed to assess demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, risk factors, and endoscopic findings among patients with GI bleeding.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Buraidah Central Hospital, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to December 2021. Data were extracted from the medical records of patients diagnosed with GI bleeding, including demographics, presenting symptoms, predisposing factors, and endoscopic findings.
Results: Of the 187 patients, 63.1% were women and 24.1% were aged between 51 and 60 years. Hematochezia was the most prevalent presenting symptom, followed by hematemesis and melena. The most common upper endoscopy finding was gastritis (42, 22.5%), whereas hemorrhoids were the most common colonoscopy finding (39, 20.9%). There is a significant relationship between reflux esophagitis (p = 0.046) and esophageal varices (p = 0.003) and age group. Furthermore, we observed a significant relationship between patients with chronic diseases and esophageal varices (p = 0.011). Additionally, we observed a significant relationship between body mass index and colonoscopy findings (p = 0.017).
Conclusion: Various factors influence GI bleeding, highlighting the need for targeted education to improve disease awareness and control. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of considering these factors in patient treatment and calls for further research into additional contributing elements to improve disease prevention measures in the general population.

Key words: Colonoscopy, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Almutairi B, Aldawsari A, Almarshoud S, Alharbi G, Alnassar J, Altowayan R, Alanazi R, Alsaud J. Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(2): 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417

Web Style

Almutairi B, Aldawsari A, Almarshoud S, Alharbi G, Alnassar J, Altowayan R, Alanazi R, Alsaud J. Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=306379 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Almutairi B, Aldawsari A, Almarshoud S, Alharbi G, Alnassar J, Altowayan R, Alanazi R, Alsaud J. Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. 2026; 10(2): 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Almutairi B, Aldawsari A, Almarshoud S, Alharbi G, Alnassar J, Altowayan R, Alanazi R, Alsaud J. Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC. (2026), [cited June 27, 2026]; 10(2): 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


Harvard Style

Almutairi, B., Aldawsari, . A., Almarshoud, . S., Alharbi, . G., Alnassar, . J., Altowayan, . R., Alanazi, . R. & Alsaud, . J. (2026) Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. IJMDC, 10 (2), 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


Turabian Style

Almutairi, Bandar, Abdulmalik Aldawsari, Sulaiman Almarshoud, Ghada Alharbi, Jana Alnassar, Rawan Altowayan, Raed Alanazi, and Jolan Alsaud. 2026. Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (2), 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


Chicago Style

Almutairi, Bandar, Abdulmalik Aldawsari, Sulaiman Almarshoud, Ghada Alharbi, Jana Alnassar, Rawan Altowayan, Raed Alanazi, and Jolan Alsaud. "Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10 (2026), 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Almutairi, Bandar, Abdulmalik Aldawsari, Sulaiman Almarshoud, Ghada Alharbi, Jana Alnassar, Rawan Altowayan, Raed Alanazi, and Jolan Alsaud. "Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 10.2 (2026), 684-691. Print. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Almutairi, B., Aldawsari, . A., Almarshoud, . S., Alharbi, . G., Alnassar, . J., Altowayan, . R., Alanazi, . R. & Alsaud, . J. (2026) Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 10 (2), 684-691. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1768121417




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