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Original Article
Online Published: 05 Jun 2026
 


Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050

Bashayr Adnan Bajaber, Jumana Ali Alshmrani, Reham Mohammed Al-hadhrami, Maha Mohammed Alsahli, Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Albagieh, Lena Abdullah Mirkhan, Lama Abdulkarim Aljohani, Lojain Mashal Alsayali, Osama Abdullah Aljohani, Atha Hamad Alshalawi.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the temporal trends in asthma burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1990 to 2023, with projections to 2050.
Methods:
A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using burden estimates for GCC countries. Asthma burden attributable to high BMI was examined by country, sex, age group, and outcome. The main measures were deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Temporal trends from 1990 to 2023 were summarized. Forecasts to 2050 were obtained from the forecast summary dataset.
Results:
Mortality rates attributable to high BMI-related asthma generally declined across GCC countries and remained low in absolute terms, although adolescents aged 15–19 years consistently had the highest death rates. In contrast, YLD and DALY rates increased in most countries, with the steepest rises concentrated in adolescents. Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates showed the largest increases in adolescent YLDs and DALYs, while Saudi Arabia retained the highest age-standardized DALY burden in 2023. Females had higher age-standardized YLD and DALY rates than males in all countries in 2023. Forecasts to 2050 indicate persistently low mortality but sustained disability burden, especially among adolescents aged 15–19 years.
Conclusion:
In GCC countries, the burden of high BMI-related asthma in children and adolescents is increasingly driven by disability rather than mortality. Older adolescents, particularly females, bear the greatest burden. These findings highlighted the need for integrated asthma and obesity prevention strategies targeting adolescence.

Key words: Asthma, high body-mass index, adolescents, Gulf Cooperation Council, disability-adjusted life years


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Bajaber BA, Alshmrani JA, Al-hadhrami RM, Alsahli MM, Albagieh MHM, Mirkhan LA, Aljohani LA, Alsayali LM, Aljohani OA, Alshalawi AH. Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. IJMDC. Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301

Web Style

Bajaber BA, Alshmrani JA, Al-hadhrami RM, Alsahli MM, Albagieh MHM, Mirkhan LA, Aljohani LA, Alsayali LM, Aljohani OA, Alshalawi AH. Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=314314 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Bajaber BA, Alshmrani JA, Al-hadhrami RM, Alsahli MM, Albagieh MHM, Mirkhan LA, Aljohani LA, Alsayali LM, Aljohani OA, Alshalawi AH. Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. IJMDC. Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Bajaber BA, Alshmrani JA, Al-hadhrami RM, Alsahli MM, Albagieh MHM, Mirkhan LA, Aljohani LA, Alsayali LM, Aljohani OA, Alshalawi AH. Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. IJMDC, [cited June 27, 2026]; Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


Harvard Style

Bajaber, B. A., Alshmrani, . J. A., Al-hadhrami, . R. M., Alsahli, . M. M., Albagieh, . M. H. M., Mirkhan, . L. A., Aljohani, . L. A., Alsayali, . L. M., Aljohani, . O. A. & Alshalawi, . A. H. (2026) Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. IJMDC, Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


Turabian Style

Bajaber, Bashayr Adnan, Jumana Ali Alshmrani, Reham Mohammed Al-hadhrami, Maha Mohammed Alsahli, Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Albagieh, Lena Abdullah Mirkhan, Lama Abdulkarim Aljohani, Lojain Mashal Alsayali, Osama Abdullah Aljohani, and Atha Hamad Alshalawi. 2026. Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


Chicago Style

Bajaber, Bashayr Adnan, Jumana Ali Alshmrani, Reham Mohammed Al-hadhrami, Maha Mohammed Alsahli, Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Albagieh, Lena Abdullah Mirkhan, Lama Abdulkarim Aljohani, Lojain Mashal Alsayali, Osama Abdullah Aljohani, and Atha Hamad Alshalawi. "Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Bajaber, Bashayr Adnan, Jumana Ali Alshmrani, Reham Mohammed Al-hadhrami, Maha Mohammed Alsahli, Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Albagieh, Lena Abdullah Mirkhan, Lama Abdulkarim Aljohani, Lojain Mashal Alsayali, Osama Abdullah Aljohani, and Atha Hamad Alshalawi. "Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. Web. 27 Jun 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Bajaber, B. A., Alshmrani, . J. A., Al-hadhrami, . R. M., Alsahli, . M. M., Albagieh, . M. H. M., Mirkhan, . L. A., Aljohani, . L. A., Alsayali, . L. M., Aljohani, . O. A. & Alshalawi, . A. H. (2026) Overweight and obesity related asthma in children and adolescents in the Arabian Gulf Region: trends from 1990 to 2023 with projections to 2050. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 05 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1773777301




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