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Original Article
Online Published: 09 Oct 2026
 


Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

Abdulaziz Mohammed Al Zahrani, Hassan Mahfouz Algahmdi, Alaa Mousa Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawood Alghamdi, Saad Alzahrani, Yazan Alghamdi, Mohammed Bander Alghamdi, Khalid Mohammed Al Zahrani, Faris Abdullah Alghamdi, Naif Abdullah Alghamdi.


Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases and to explore its associated factors among residents of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2026 among 404 residents of Al-Baha using a validated online questionnaire. Data were collected on demographics, self-reported symptoms of atopic diseases, awareness, and health-seeking behaviors.
Results:
Allergic rhinitis was the most commonly reported condition (53.5%), followed by eye allergies (38.6%), atopic dermatitis (25.7%), asthma (19.3%), and food allergies (17.1%). Physician-diagnosed rates were notably lower than self-reported symptoms. Positive family history was reported in 40.6% of participants and was significantly associated with eczema (p < 0.001). Eczema was also significantly associated with female gender, lower education level, and multiple allergic comorbidities. Awareness of asthma was high (85.6%), and dust was the most recognized trigger (89.4%), although gaps in knowledge and allergen identification were observed. Healthcare utilization was suboptimal, with only 37.9% of participants sometimes consulting a doctor when symptoms appeared, while 13.9% never sought medical care. In addition, 21.5% used allergy medications irregularly, 7.2% used them regularly, and 16.8% did not use any medication despite having symptoms.
Conclusion:
Atopic diseases were found to be highly prevalent in Al-Baha with significant underdiagnosis and gaps in healthcare utilization. Despite moderate awareness, improvements in public education, early detection, and allergy care services are needed to reduce disease burden and improve outcomes.

Key words: Atopic diseases, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, Saudi Arabia, Al-Baha


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Zahrani AMA, Algahmdi HM, Alzahrani AM, Alghamdi AD, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi Y, Alghamdi MB, Zahrani KMA, Alghamdi FA, Alghamdi NA. Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028

Web Style

Zahrani AMA, Algahmdi HM, Alzahrani AM, Alghamdi AD, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi Y, Alghamdi MB, Zahrani KMA, Alghamdi FA, Alghamdi NA. Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=331252 [Access: October 09, 2026]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zahrani AMA, Algahmdi HM, Alzahrani AM, Alghamdi AD, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi Y, Alghamdi MB, Zahrani KMA, Alghamdi FA, Alghamdi NA. Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zahrani AMA, Algahmdi HM, Alzahrani AM, Alghamdi AD, Alzahrani S, Alghamdi Y, Alghamdi MB, Zahrani KMA, Alghamdi FA, Alghamdi NA. Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, [cited October 09, 2026]; Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


Harvard Style

Zahrani, A. M. A., Algahmdi, . H. M., Alzahrani, . A. M., Alghamdi, . A. D., Alzahrani, . S., Alghamdi, . Y., Alghamdi, . M. B., Zahrani, . K. M. A., Alghamdi, . F. A. & Alghamdi, . N. A. (2026) Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. IJMDC, Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


Turabian Style

Zahrani, Abdulaziz Mohammed Al, Hassan Mahfouz Algahmdi, Alaa Mousa Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawood Alghamdi, Saad Alzahrani, Yazan Alghamdi, Mohammed Bander Alghamdi, Khalid Mohammed Al Zahrani, Faris Abdullah Alghamdi, and Naif Abdullah Alghamdi. 2026. Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


Chicago Style

Zahrani, Abdulaziz Mohammed Al, Hassan Mahfouz Algahmdi, Alaa Mousa Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawood Alghamdi, Saad Alzahrani, Yazan Alghamdi, Mohammed Bander Alghamdi, Khalid Mohammed Al Zahrani, Faris Abdullah Alghamdi, and Naif Abdullah Alghamdi. "Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zahrani, Abdulaziz Mohammed Al, Hassan Mahfouz Algahmdi, Alaa Mousa Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawood Alghamdi, Saad Alzahrani, Yazan Alghamdi, Mohammed Bander Alghamdi, Khalid Mohammed Al Zahrani, Faris Abdullah Alghamdi, and Naif Abdullah Alghamdi. "Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. Web. 09 Oct 2026 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zahrani, A. M. A., Algahmdi, . H. M., Alzahrani, . A. M., Alghamdi, . A. D., Alzahrani, . S., Alghamdi, . Y., Alghamdi, . M. B., Zahrani, . K. M. A., Alghamdi, . F. A. & Alghamdi, . N. A. (2026) Prevalence and community awareness of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis) in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 09 Oct, 2026. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1786630028




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