Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi; Jarallah Hamad Alghazi; Waleed Khalid Moosa; Turky Mohammed Alghannam; Yara Mohammed Alqahtani; Fatimah Dulaym Alqahtani; Mohammed Alhumiaidi Alharbi; Saeed Moraya Alqahtani; Mohammed Hussain A. Alothayqi; Lojain Talal Almoghthwey

doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

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Review Article
Online Published: 03 Oct 2025

IJMDC. 2025; 9(8): 1919-1925

doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Jarallah Hamad Alghazi, Waleed Khalid Moosa, Turky Mohammed Alghannam, Yara Mohammed Alqahtani, Fatimah Dulaym Alqahtani, Mohammed Alhumiaidi Alharbi, Saeed Moraya Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain A. Alothayqi, Lojain Talal Almoghthwey.

Abstract
Acute surgical conditions are a leading cause of emergency department admissions and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Common conditions include acute appendicitis, diverticular disease, and mesenteric ischemia, which present diagnostic and management challenges due to their varied clinical features. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent complications and death. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified randomized controlled trials, post-hoc analyses, and observational studies evaluating diagnostic and management strategies for acute surgical conditions. Ten eligible studies were included, and data were extracted on diagnostic accuracy, management strategies, complications, mortality, hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. Evidence showed that routine CT scanning increased hospital stay and costs without improving outcomes, whereas bedside ultrasound improved short-term satisfaction. Early laparoscopy reduced undiagnosed cases, morbidity, and hospital stay. Graded nursing and non-physician emergency clinicians improved short-term outcomes in resource-limited settings. Nebulized fentanyl provided safe and effective analgesia. Perioperative hyperoxia increased long-term cardiovascular risk, while biologic mesh prophylaxis was associated with more complications. Effective management of acute surgical conditions requires early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and context-specific strategies. Multidisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based perioperative approaches improve survival, reduce complications, and optimize resources.

Key words: Acute abdomen, emergency surgery, diagnosis, management outcomes, review

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Pubmed Style

Alanazi MM, Alghazi JH, Moosa WK, Alghannam TM, Alqahtani YM, Alqahtani FD, Alharbi MA, Alqahtani SM, Alothayqi MHA, Almoghthwey LT. Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. IJMDC. Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Web Style

Alanazi MM, Alghazi JH, Moosa WK, Alghannam TM, Alqahtani YM, Alqahtani FD, Alharbi MA, Alqahtani SM, Alothayqi MHA, Almoghthwey LT. Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. https://www.ijmdc.com/?mno=279252 [Access: October 14, 2025]. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alanazi MM, Alghazi JH, Moosa WK, Alghannam TM, Alqahtani YM, Alqahtani FD, Alharbi MA, Alqahtani SM, Alothayqi MHA, Almoghthwey LT. Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. IJMDC. Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alanazi MM, Alghazi JH, Moosa WK, Alghannam TM, Alqahtani YM, Alqahtani FD, Alharbi MA, Alqahtani SM, Alothayqi MHA, Almoghthwey LT. Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. IJMDC, [cited October 14, 2025]; Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Harvard Style

Alanazi, M. M., Alghazi, . J. H., Moosa, . W. K., Alghannam, . T. M., Alqahtani, . Y. M., Alqahtani, . F. D., Alharbi, . M. A., Alqahtani, . S. M., Alothayqi, . M. H. A. & Almoghthwey, . L. T. (2025) Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. IJMDC, Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Turabian Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Jarallah Hamad Alghazi, Waleed Khalid Moosa, Turky Mohammed Alghannam, Yara Mohammed Alqahtani, Fatimah Dulaym Alqahtani, Mohammed Alhumiaidi Alharbi, Saeed Moraya Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain A. Alothayqi, and Lojain Talal Almoghthwey. 2025. Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

Chicago Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Jarallah Hamad Alghazi, Waleed Khalid Moosa, Turky Mohammed Alghannam, Yara Mohammed Alqahtani, Fatimah Dulaym Alqahtani, Mohammed Alhumiaidi Alharbi, Saeed Moraya Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain A. Alothayqi, and Lojain Talal Almoghthwey. "Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alanazi, Mazi Mohammed, Jarallah Hamad Alghazi, Waleed Khalid Moosa, Turky Mohammed Alghannam, Yara Mohammed Alqahtani, Fatimah Dulaym Alqahtani, Mohammed Alhumiaidi Alharbi, Saeed Moraya Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain A. Alothayqi, and Lojain Talal Almoghthwey. "Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. Web. 14 Oct 2025 doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alanazi, M. M., Alghazi, . J. H., Moosa, . W. K., Alghannam, . T. M., Alqahtani, . Y. M., Alqahtani, . F. D., Alharbi, . M. A., Alqahtani, . S. M., Alothayqi, . M. H. A. & Almoghthwey, . L. T. (2025) Acute surgical conditions presenting to the emergency department, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, Online First: 03 Oct, 2025. doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1755968744

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